Novel insights on the bottom–up rise strength transfer: investigating massed vs. distributed exercise training

Sport Sciences for Health - The purpose of this study is to investigate the Bottom–Up Rise Strength Transfer (BURST) induced by massed vs. distributed-rehabilitative exercise training....     

Early Neurological Changes and Interpretation of Clinical Grades in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

ObjectivesHunt and Hess (HH) and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades are commonly used to report clinical severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We sought to determine the impact of early neurological changes and the timing of clinical grade assignment on the prognostication accuracy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a cohort of consecutive patients with aSAH who were admitted to an academic center. Patients with confirmed aneurysmal cause were included. Relevant clinical data including daily clinical grades, imaging data and functional outcome were analyzed. Favorable outcome was defined as mRS 0 to 3. Early neurological improvement (ENI) and early neurological deterioration (END) were respectively defined as any improvement or deterioration of HH grades from hospital day 1 to the earliest time from hospital day 2 to 5.ResultsOf 310 patients, 24% experienced early neurological changes from hospital day 1 to 3. For each point increase in HH grades from day 1 to day 3, the odds ratio for worse outcome was 2.57 (95% CI [1.74-3.79]) and for each point decrease in HH grades from day 1 to day 3, the odds ratio for worse outcome was 0.28 (95% CI [0.17-0.47]). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis revealed that clinical grades on day 3 had higher accuracy in predicting worse outcome than clinical grades on day 1.ConclusionEarly changes in neurological status can alter trajectory of hospital course and functional outcome. The prognostic accuracy of the clinical grades from hospital day 3 is significantly greater than those on admission.     

Gender differences in the spatial–temporal variability between walking and running

Sport Sciences for Health - The pattern of gender differences in gait variability has not yet been well examined. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate gender differences in the...     

Non-functioning pituitary adenoma: immunohistochemical analysis of 85 cases

Pituitary adenomas without clinically active hypersecretion are summarized under the term non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). Since there are no specific serum markers, the differential diagnosis and treatment imply special difficulties. By using immunohistochemical methods we will have new insight into the nature and pathogenesis of these tumours. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 and its labelling index (LI) is considered a marker of normal and abnormal cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of immunohistochemistry and MIB1-LI determination in NFPAs to predict tumoural behaviour and better management. In this clinicopathological study, 85 cases of NFPAs were analysed immunohistochemically. MIB1-LI was also determined in studied cases. Clinical presentation, treatment and follow-up data were also reviewed and the correlation between clinical and pathologic findings was established. Eighteen adenomas (21.2%) were immunoreactive to one or two adenohypophysial hormones of which 4 GH positive adenomas had aggressive behaviour (2 significant juxtasellar extensions and 2 recurrences). MIB-1 LI was more than 5% in only 5 cases including 2 invasive adenomas but with no evidence of recurrence. No significant statistical difference between clinical presentations in immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive NFPAs was observed except for unilateral temporal hemianopia which was more common in immunoreactive adenomas (P=0.022). NFPAs comprise several pathologically different types of tumours, some of which are potentially hormone producing, but some defects in hormone secretion or production of biologically inactive or insufficient amount of hormone may be the culprit in the lack of evidence of rising serum hormone levels. MIB-1 LI may be indicative of invasiveness but not a predictor of recurrence. Silent somatotropinomas may have more aggressive behaviour in comparison with other NFPAs.     

Can Urinary Nitrite Results Be Used to Conduct Antimicrobial Option for Urinary Tract Infection in Children?

Objective

This study was performed to determine the relationship between urinary nitrite results and bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in urinary tract infection of children.

Methods

In a cross-section study 119 children younger than 12 years with urinary tract infection were evaluated in Qazvin children''s hospital. Patients were divided into negative and positive nitrite groups depending on urinary nitrite test result. Rates of antibiotic resistance in the two groups were compared.

Findings

Sixty seven patients were in the negative nitrite group and 52 in the positive nitrite group. Resistance rates to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, gentamicin, amikacin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin and nitrofurantoin in the nitrite negative group were 7.5%, 31.3%, 50.7%, 11.9%, 9%, 3%, 14.9% and 11.9%, respectively. These values in the nitrite positive group were 21.2%, 28.8%, 63.5%, 7.7%, 5.8%, 1.9%, 9.6%, and 3.8%, respectively (P>0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed that there is no correlation between urinary nitrite results and bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, it seems that physicians should not adjust antibiotic therapy for UTI based on nitrite results.     

Refractory seizures due to a dural-based cavernoma masquerading as a meningioma

A 37-year-old female presented with medically intractable complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. She was found to have a dural-based lesion with radiologic features of meningioma. A gross total resection was performed and pathology confirmed a diagnosis of cavernous angioma and she became seizure free after the surgical resection. Cavernous angioma should be considered in differential diagnosis of a dural-based lesion manifesting with refractory seizures.     

Production of antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides from Kluyveromyces marxianus protein hydrolysates: Purification and molecular docking

Kluyveromyces marxianus protein hydrolysates were prepared by two different sonicated-enzymatic (trypsin and chymotrypsin) hydrolysis treatments to obtain antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolysates obtained by 5 h, exhibited the highest antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities. After fractionation using ultrafiltration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) techniques, two new peptides were identified. One fragment (LL-9, MW = 1180 Da) with the amino acid sequence of Leu-Pro-Glu-Ser-Val-His-Leu-Asp-Lys showed significant ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 22.88 μM) while another peptide fragment (VL-9, MW = 1118 Da) with the amino acid sequence of Val-Leu-Ser-Thr-Ser-Phe-Pro-Pro-Lys showed the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory properties (IC₅₀ = 15.20 μM, 5568 μM TE/mg protein). The molecular docking studies revealed that the ACE inhibitory activities of VL-9 is due to interaction with the S2 (His513, His353, Glu281) and S′1 (Glu162) pockets of ACE and LL-9 can fit perfectly into the S1 (Thr345) and S2 (Tyr520, Lys511, Gln281) pockets of ACE.