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1.
T. Kapellen A. Galler K. Claus S. Heger D. Härtig Prof. Dr. W. Kiess 《Der Diabetologe》2006,2(2):167-181
Type 1 diabetes is one of the commonest chronic disorders encountered in children and adolescents. When it first becomes apparent in children, approximately 20% of them have clinical and biochemical signs of ketoacidosis (DKA). In the presence of unusual clinical symptoms it is necessary to consider the possibility of associated conditions, such as coeliac disease, immunothyroiditis and Addison’s disease. Children with diabetes must be treated by a multidisciplinary team made up of paediatrician, paediatric diabetes specialist, psychologist, social worker, ophthalmologist, dietitian, nurse and diabetes counsellor, making it essential for them to be treated in regional specialised centres. They are treated in their own psychosocial environment and their families are involved in the therapy. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment strategies have now made it possible for these patients to enjoy normal physical wellbeing and near-normal psychosocial development. Prevention and early treatment of of disturbances associated with diabetes remain an important concern. The fact that type 2 diabetes must now be looked for in overweight children and adolescents is a new aspect of diabetes medicine. 相似文献
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Single fibres of three different types, which had been characterized histochemically with regard to differences in myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and its pH stability, were microdissected from freeze dried preparations of the closer muscle in walking legs of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Shortening velocities were determined in slack tests and under constant load conditions in maximally Ca2+-activated skinned muscle fibres. Force/pCa relationships were also measured for the different types of fibres. Compared with data on vertebrate muscles, all crab muscle fibres required large length changes to reach zero force and showed low Ca2+ sensitivity for isometric force generation. The length/time relationship obtained from slack tests had a biphasic course. Maximal velocity of filament sliding differed in the three types of fibres investigated. The filament sliding of type IV fibres was about 3 times faster than that of type I fibres. The values obtained for type II fibres ranged in between. These data are positively correlated with myofibrillar ATPase activity determined histochemically. Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation was lowest in the fast type IV fibres. It was high in the slow type I and the faster contracting type II fibres. Ca2+ sensitivity in crab muscle seems not to be correlated with speed of shortening. 相似文献
10.
Stretch activation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain and troponin-T of rat skeletal muscle fibres 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Galler S. Schmitt T. L. Hilber K. Pette D. 《Journal of muscle research and cell motility》1997,18(5):555-561
Recent studies on single mammalian skeletal muscle fibres revealed a correlation between the kinetics of stretch-induced delayed
force increase (stretch activation) and the isoforms of the myosin heavy chain. This observation suggests a causal relation
between stretch activation and myosin heavy chain. However, the assumption is weakened by the fact that isoforms of other
myofibrillar proteins tend to be coexpressed with myosin heavy chain isoforms. The relation between the isoforms of the tropomyosin-binding
troponin subunit and myosin heavy chain is unknown. For a variety of reasons, tropomyosin-binding troponin subunit is a possible
candidate for being involved in stretch activation. Therefore, we measured stretch activation of single, maximally Ca2+-activated
skinned rat skeletal muscle fibres and characterized them by their myosin heavy chain composition, as well as by the isoform
species of tropomyosin-binding troponin subunit. Four myosin heavy chain isoforms (I, IIa, IId or IIx and IIb) and six tropomyosin-binding
troponin subunit isoforms (TnT1s, TnT2s, TnT1f, TnT2f, TnT3f, TnT4f) were distinguis hed. The following preferential coexpression
patterns of the myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin-binding troponin subunit isoforms were observed: MHCI-TnT1s, MHCIIa-TnT3f,
MHCIId-TnT1f, and MHCIIb-TnT4f. Stretch activation kinetics was found to be correlated with the myosin heavy chain isoform
complement also in fibres not displaying one of the preferential MHC-TnTf isoform coexpression patterns. This corroborates
the assumption of a causal relation between myosin heavy chain and stretch activation
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献