Mirror movements in progressive hemifacial atrophy

Mirror movements are simultaneous, involuntary, identical movements occurring during contralateral voluntary movements. These movements are considered as soft neurologic signs seen uncommonly in clinical practice. The mirror movements are described in various neurological disorders which include parkinsonism, cranio veretebral junction anamolies, and hemiplegic cerebral palsy. These movements are intriguing and can pose significant disability. However, no such observation regarding mirror movements in progressive hemifacial atrophy have been reported previously. We are reporting a teenage girl suffering from progressive hemifacial atrophy and epilepsy with demonstrable mirror movements in hand.     

Cluster analysis of an insulin-dependent diabetic cohort towards the definition of clinical subtypes

Clinical and biochemical data on 111 consecutive insulin-dependent diabetic children enrolled in a longitudinal prospective study were analyzed to determine if more than one clinical expression of Type I diabetes exists. Use of multivariate statistical methods, including Correspondence Analysis, kappa-means clustering and RECPAM (RECursive Partition and AMalgamation), show that there are two well differentiated clinical expressions of IDDM each characterized by a cluster. One is characterized by later age, less severe onset, longer symptom duration, less beta-cell disappearance after 12 months, more females; the other by earlier age, more sudden and severe onset, DR 3/4, earlier disappearance of beta-cell function and more males. RECPAM analysis provides further insight into the structure of the two clusters. An other RECPAM tree identifies low, medium and high risk groups of disappearance of beta-cell function at 12 months after diagnosis.     

Crystallization and thermal behaviour of blends of isotactic polypropylene and hydrogenated oligo(cyclopentadiene)

The crystallization and the thermal behaviour of thin films of isotactic polypropylene/hydrogenated oligo(cyclopentadiene) of low molecular weight (iPP/HOCP) are studied using optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The spherulite growth rate, the overall crystallization rate and the equilibrium melting temperature of iPP are decreased by the addition of HOCP to iPP. This leads to the hypothesis that iPP and HOCP form a miscible blend in the amorphous phase. This hypothesis is also supported by the detection of a single blend-composition-dependent glass transition temperature of each blend as determined by DSC.     

Neonatal invariant Valpha24+ NKT lymphocytes are activated memory cells

NKT cells are a small subset of T lymphocytes which express an invariant V(alpha24JalphaQ TCR and recognize glycolipids presented by CD1d. In adults, NKT cells have a memory phenotype, frequently associated with oligoclonal expansion, express NK cell markers, and produce TO cytokines upon primary stimulation. Because of these features, NKT cells are regarded as lymphocytes of innate immunity. We investigated NKT cells from cord blood to see how these cells appear in the absence of exogenous stimuli. We found that NKT cells are present at comparable frequencies in cord blood and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in both cases display a memory (CD45RO+CD62L-) phenotype. However, neonatal NKT cells differ from their adult counterparts by the following characteristics: (1) they express markers of activation, such as CD25; (2) they are polyclonal; (3) they do not produce cytokines in response to primary stimulation. Together, our data show that human NKT cells arise in the newborn with an activated memory phenotype, probably due to recognition of an endogenous ligand(s). The absence of oligoclonal expansion and primary effector functions also suggest that neonatal NKT cells, despite their activated memory phenotype, require a further priming/differentiation event to behave as fully functional cells of innate immunity.     

Study of processing parameters influencing the properties of Diltiazem hydrochloride microspheres

Diltiazem hydrochloride-ethylcellulose microspheres were prepared by the water-in-oil emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Small and spherical microspheres having a mean microsphere diameter in the range of 40-300 µm and entrapment efficiency of ~60-90% were obtained. Scanning electron micrographs of drug-loaded microspheres showed the presence of uniformly distributed small pores and absence of drug crystals on their surface, indicating simultaneous precipitation of drug and the polymer from the solvent during solvent evaporation. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the absence of any drug-polymer interaction. The in vitro release profile could be altered significantly by changing various processing parameters to give a controlled release of drug from the microspheres. The stability studies of the drug-loaded microspheres showed that the drug was stable at storage temperatures, 5-55°C, for 12 weeks.