A multi-perspective survey of mental health consumer needs

Conclusions There is extensive evidence that perspectives on mental health consumer needs vary widely between consumers and other stakeholders-administrators, practitioners, and family members. Traditional methods of determining mental health consumer needs, based on professional input only, have inhibited program development. While progress has been achieved when shared goals have been identified, it has also been inhibited by a lack of known areas of consensus between stakeholder groups.Surveys provide a cost-effective step toward documenting shared views from stakeholders who have the greatest stake in influencing the size and direction of the mental health service system. Identifying shared views is necessary to coordinate stakeholder efforts. The most encouraging result of the surveys is that there are many areas of consensus and thus the potential exists for the stakeholders to coordinate their efforts toward shared goals to better meet important consumer needs by prioritizing services, improving practitioner training, and coordinating advocacy.     

Serotonergic interhemispheric asymmetry: Neurochemical and pharmaco-EEG evidence

1. Postmortem neurochemical investigations revealed interhemispheric asymmetry in the mediofrontal region of human brain. Significantly higher right hemisphere serotonin metabolite (5HIAA) content as well as increased maximal imipramine binding (IB) were found in the right hemisphere than in the left side.

2. IB did not show a gender difference in the mediofrontal area. However, women had higher IB in the right orbital frontal cortex than did men.

3. In vivo pharmaco-EEG results tend to support the postmortem neurochemical data. Intravenous chlorimipramine resulted in an asymmetric topographic distribution of the P300 auditory evoked potential, peak amplitudes were shifted to the right hemisphere.     

Northern Ireland: Political violence and self- reported physical symptoms in a community sample

In order to investigate the possible relationship between physical health and political violence in Northern Ireland a random sample of residents of four electoral areas (two with relatively high violence and two with relatively low violence) was interviewed at home. Each person was asked to rate their health in terms of common physical symptoms, to indicate their use of family doctor and hospital services, and to rate the level of political violence in their neighbourhood. Analysis of covariance (with a measure of psychological well-being, a measure of trait neuroticism plus age and socioeconomic status as covariates) revealed that women reported more physical symptoms than did men, people in the ‘high’ violence areas reported more symptoms than did those in the ‘low’ violence areas, while those who rated their own neighbourhood most highly in terms of perceived violence also reported the greatest number of physical symptoms. However, a series of χ² tests revealed no association between political violence or perceived political violence and uptake of services.     

How Can and Do Australian Doctors Promote Physical Activity?

Background.Physical inactivity is recognized as an important public health issue. Yet little is known about doctors' knowledge, attitude, skills, and resources specifically relating to the promotion of physical activity. Our survey assessed the current practice, perceived desirable practice, confidence, and barriers related to the promotion of physical activity in family practice.Methods.A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all 1,228 family practitioners in Perth, Western Australia.Results.We received a 71% response (n= 789). Family practitioners are most likely to recommend walking to sedentary adults to improve fitness and they are aware of the major barriers to patients participating in physical activity. Doctors are less confident at providing specific advice on exercise and may require further skills, knowledge, and experience. Although they promote exercise to patients through verbal advice in the consultation, few use written materials or referral systems.Conclusions.There are significant differences between self-reports of current practice and perceived desirable practice in the promotion of physical activity by doctors. Future strategies need to address the self-efficacy of family physicians and involve resources of proven effectiveness. The potential of referral systems for supporting efforts to increase physical activity by Australians should be explored.     

Rate of flow of aqueous humor determined from measurements of aqueous flare

Measurement of light scattered in the anterior chamber can provide important clinical information about the eye. In this study, a scanning ocular spectrofluorophotometer was used to measure scattering in the anterior chamber. Pathologic scattering (flare) was induced by argon laser photocoagulation of the iris in pigmented rabbits. The spectrally corrected intensity of the flare in inflamed eyes decreased as the inverse 2.2 power of the wavelength of the illuminating beam. The strongest signal with this instrument was measured at 470 nm. Diurnal variation of normal and spontaneous scatter from the aqueous humor was measured in nine pigmented rabbits entrained to a 12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle and in eight human subjects. A technique is described for determining the rate of flow of aqueous humor from scattered light when the transfer rate of scattering substance into the anterior chamber is constant. This technique was used to study changes in flow over the diurnal cycle. The rate of flow in human subjects during sleep was 60% of the rate during waking hours. In rabbits, the rate was lowest (44% of maximum) during the 6 hr after the lights were turned on, and were greatest just before the lights were turned on. These findings confirm previous studies of the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor flow in rabbits and humans.     

A critical reflection on the personal impact of managerial hegemony within nurse education

This paper, written by two male nurse teachers, describes and analyses their experience of working in a nurse education culture permeated by the philosophy of business management The introduction of business management practices to nurse education is discussed as a reflection of the current political hegemony of market forces and individualism The authors discuss the implications for nurse teachers of being continually exposed to these politically motivated forces which increasingly provide the paradigm for service developments within the United Kingdom health services In discussing the impact of this exposure it is argued that at the personal level individual teachers are experiencing a degree of apathy and personal dissonance which undermines their professional value system, resulting in emotional distress and a crisis of identity It provides a critical reflection on the way organizational dynamics and power relations influence the subjective sense-making of individuals The authors use a multiplicity of perspectives, including those provided by individual psychology, power relations, feminism and personhood, to argue for the need to develop an alternative paradigm which is characterized by the valuing of individual persons, empathic sensitivity and the fostering of creativity been important to us from a personal and professional