不同类型肠易激综合征患者血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a水平的临床意义

目的探讨不同类型肠易激综合征(IBS)患者血清微小RNA(miRNA)-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平的相关性及临床意义,为IBS的病因学研究提供理论依据。方法采用病例抽样的方法选取2015年10月至2018年6月该院IBS患者110例,选取同期110例体检健康者为健康对照组。受试者采样前12 h低蛋白饮食,每位受试者取10 mL静脉血样本,静脉血3000 r/min离心后取上清。采用实时荧光定量反转录PCR测定受试者miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平。结果混合型IBS的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平均显著高于其他3种亚型(P<0.05),不确定型IBS的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平均显著高于便秘型IBS及腹泻型IBS(P<0.05)。混合型、不确定型IBS患者的miRNA-144、miRNA-29a、miRNA-200a的表达水平两两之间均存在相关性且有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对于单纯腹泻或者便秘型IBS患者来说,仅miRNA-29a与miRNA-200a的表达水平存在统计学相关性(P<0.05)。结论混合型、不确定型IBS患者血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达水平较其他2种亚型高,且血清miRNA-144、miRNA-29a和miRNA-200a表达两两之间具有显著相关性。     

颅脑损伤患者血清NF-L、TSP-1水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨颅脑损伤患者血清神经丝蛋白轻链(NF-L)、血小板反应蛋白1(TSP-1)水平变化,分析其对颅脑损伤患者预后的预测价值。方法 选择106例颅脑损伤患者(颅脑损伤组),根据Fisher CT分级将患者分为1～2级组(47例)和3～4级组(59例),根据格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)将患者分为轻型昏迷组(12～15分,34例)、中型昏迷组(7～11分,49例)和重型昏迷组(＜7分,23例),根据伤后30天格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)将患者分为预后不良组(GOS评分1～3分,48例)和预后良好组(GOS评分4～5分,58例),另选择门诊体检部接诊的103例健康志愿者(对照组)。采用酶链免疫吸附试验检测血清NF-L、TSP-1水平。Spearman秩相关分析颅脑损伤患者血清NF-L、TSP-1水平与Fisher CT分级、GCS评分、GOS评分之间的相关性。Logistic回归分析影响颅脑损伤患者预后的危险因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清NF-L、TSP-1水平预测颅脑损伤患者预后的价值。结果 颅脑损伤组血清NF-L、TSP-1水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05),Fisher CT分级3～4级组血清NF-L、TSP-1水平高于1～2级组(P＜0.05),重型昏迷组血清NF-L、TSP-1水平高于中型昏迷组和轻型昏迷组(P＜0.05),中型昏迷组血清NF-L、TSP-1水平高于轻型昏迷组(P＜0.05),预后不良组血清NF-L、TSP-1水平高于预后良好组(P＜0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析表明血清NF-L、TSP-1水平与Fisher CT分级呈正相关(r_s=0.622、0.593,P＜0.05),与GCS评分、GOS评分呈负相关(r_s=－0.589、－0.693;－0.629、－0.617,P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示Fisher CT分级、GCS评分、NF-L、TSP-1与颅脑损伤患者预后相关(P＜0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示血清NF-L、TSP-1水平预测颅脑损伤患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.823、0.836,联合NF-L、TSP-1预测颅脑损伤患者预后的AUC为0.937,高于单独NF-L、TSP-1(P＜0.05)。结论 颅脑损伤患者血清NF-L、TSP-1水平显著升高,NF-L、TSP-1水平与颅脑损伤严重程度和预后密切相关,可作为预后评估的参考指标。     

Citywide Integrated Aedes aegypti Mosquito Surveillance as Early Warning System for Arbovirus Transmission,Brazil

Arbovirus epidemiology lacks efficient and timely surveillance systems with accurate outbreak alert signals. We devised a citywide integrated surveillance system combining entomologic, epidemiologic, and entomo-virologic data gathered during 2017–2020 in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. We installed 3,476 adult mosquito traps across the city and inspected traps every 2 months. We compared 5 entomologic indices: traditional house and Breteau indices for larval surveys and trap positivity, adult density, and mosquitoes per inhabitant indices for adult trapping. We screened for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in live adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from traps. Indices based on adult mosquito sampling had higher outbreak predictive values than larval indices, and we were able to build choropleth maps of infestation levels <36 h after each round of trap inspection. Locating naturally infected vectors provides a timely support tool for local public health managers to prioritize areas for intervention response to prevent virus outbreaks.     

Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 gene deletion and CYP2E1 genotypes on gastric adenocarcinoma

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and CYP2E1 are enzymes with a high ability to activate a nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), to its potent and ultimate carcinogens. The polymorphic CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 have been implicated in increased susceptibility to certain malignancies. In our study, 120 Japanese patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and 158 healthy controls were compared for frequencies of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 genotypes. The frequency with which the subjects carried homozygotes of the CYP2A6 gene deletion allele, which causes lack of the enzyme activity, was significantly higher in the gastric cancer patients than in the healthy control subjects (OR = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.05-9.41). Subdividing gastric adenocarcinoma according to tumor differentiation, patients with the well-differentiated type were 4.9-fold more likely to have the CYP2A6 homozygote deletion genotype (OR = 4.91, 95% CI 1.17-20.52). Stratifying by smoking status, we did not find the risk of CYP2A6 gene deletion allele in gastric adenocarcinoma. The CYP2E1 polymorphism detected by RsaI was not significantly different between gastric adenocarcinoma patients (40.8%) and the control population (44.3%). No statistically significant changes were observed when the CYP2E1 genotype was examined relative to tumor differentiation and smoking status. These results suggest that the CTY2A6 deletion is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma among Japanese populations.     

Genetic polymorphisms of hormone-related genes and prostate cancer risk in the Japanese population

Carcinogenesis of the prostate involves androgen influences, and associations between genetic polymorphisms of androgen receptor and metabolizing enzymes and prostate cancer risk have been reported. Roles for non-androgenic hormones are not well defined, but they also may have an impact judging from epidemiological and animal experimental alphalambda zeta of data. The purpose of the study was to determine whether hormone-related polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk. A case-control study was performed with 147 Japanese prostate cancer patients and 266 urological controls. Polymorphisms of target genes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1, Leu432Val; debrisoquine hydroxylase, (CYP2D6)*4; aromatase (CYP19), Arg264Cys; estrogen receptor (ER)alpha-Xx (Xba I) and Pp (Pvu II); ERbeta-Rr (Rsa I); progesterone receptor (PR) Alu in intron 7] were examined by PCR-based methods. The capital and small letters signify the absence and presence of restriction sites, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted for age using multiple logistic regression analysis with SPSS Medical Pack. Among the seven examined genetic polymorphisms, significant associations between CYP1B1 Leu432Val (OR 4.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-19.05) and Alu in intron 7 of PR (OR 4.17; 95%CI, 1.26-13.85) were found. As for combined effects, the CYP1B1 polymorphisms (Leu/Val+Val/Val) together with heterozygosity for Alu in the PR were more frequent among prostate cancer patients (1.45%) than controls (0.41%), although without significance (OR, 3.99; 95%CI, 0.36-44.8). The combination of ERalpha (P/p+p/p) polymorphisms with heterozygosity for Alu in the PR demonstrated an OR of 4.56 (95%CI, 1.01-20.6). This pilot study showed that CYP1B1 and PR polymorphisms, alone or in combination, might be associated with prostate cancer risk. They might, therefore, have potential as a tool for identifying high-risk individuals.     

ACHN人肾癌裸鼠移植瘤模型的生物学特性及放射治疗观察

目的观察ACHN人肾癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型的生物学特性及其对放射线的敏感性。方法分别利用瘤细胞悬液接种法、瘤块包埋法获得ACHN人肾癌裸鼠移植瘤模型，观察移植瘤的生长情况、成瘤率、肝肺转移率及病理形态。ACHN皮下荷瘤鼠14只，随机分为空白对照组和放疗组，6MV X直线加速器对放疗组移植瘤局部单次照射12Gy，观察裸鼠的耐受性及肿瘤生长抑制情况；透射电镜观察瘤细胞超微结构变化。结果瘤块包埋法成瘤稳定，成瘤率92．5%，肝转移率43％，未见肺转移。裸鼠对12Gy射线局部照射耐受良好，放疗组移植瘤与空白对照组比较生长明显受抑制（P〈0．01）；放疗组瘤细胞凋亡现象明显。结论ACHN人肾癌裸鼠移植瘤模型可作为肾癌放疗实验研究的有效工具。     

猪苓多糖和氢化考的松对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的作用——细胞化学研究

小鼠注射猪苓多糖和氢化考的松7天后,取其腹腔巨噬细胞,进行细胞化学的定性及定位;并用 MPV-2型显微分光光度计进行定量研究。发现应用氢化考的松后,细胞内的 AcPase、ATPase 和 ANAE 活性下降,多糖含量减少。注射猪苓多糖以后,ATPase、AcPase 和 ANAE 活性增强,多糖含量显著增多。猪苓多糖和氢化考的松同时注射,酶活性及多糖含量与对照组无明显区别。     

Effects of age at menarche, reproductive years, and menopause on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

BackgroundEarly menarche is associated with increased adult body fatness, however, this association has been studied primarily in young women. The impact of changes in some metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after menopause remains controversial and ageing is an important confounder.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of age at menarche, reproductive years, and years post-menopause on body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD independent of the normal ageing process in a large sample size of Chinese women.DesignNine thousand ninety seven women aged 25–64 were recruited from Anhui, China in 2004–2005. Anthropometric measurement, body composition, blood pressure, plasma lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, as well as a questionnaire-based interview on menstruation and lifestyle information were obtained from each participant.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and other covariates, age at menarche was inversely associated with body fatness, HOMA-IR, triacylglycerol and the total number of metabolic syndrome components, and was positively associated with HDL-C (p < 0.05). The number of reproductive years was associated with increased body fatness, decreased total cholesterol and HDL-C (p < 0.05). Post-menopausal women had significantly lower BMI but higher abdominal fat percentage, increased plasma levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C, and lower systolic blood pressure than pre-menopausal women (p < 0.05).ConclusionAge at menarche, reproductive years, and menopause status were significantly associated with body composition, insulin sensitivity and blood lipid levels.     

P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (rPSGL-Ig)-Mediated Blockade of CD62 Selectin Molecules Protects Rat Steatotic Liver Grafts from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

We examined the effects of early blockade of CD62 selectin-mediated adhesive interactions in steatotic rat liver models of ex vivo cold ischemia followed by reperfusion or transplantation by administration of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (rPSGL-Ig). In the model of cold ischemia/reperfusion, livers pretreated ex vivo with rPSGL-Ig at harvesting from obese Zucker rats showed significantly decreased portal resistance, increased bile production, and diminished hepatic endothelial neutrophil infiltration, as compared with untreated controls. Pretreatment of fatty livers with rPSGL-Ig prior to transplantation extended the survival of lean Zucker rat recipients from 40% to 90%. This effect correlated with significantly improved liver function, depressed neutrophil activity, and decreased histologic features of hepatocyte injury. Intragraft expression of CD62 P-selectin was similar in both recipient groups. rPSGL-Ig treatment decreased intragraft infiltration by CD3/CD25 cells, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory TNFalpha, IL-6, iNOS, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, without significantly affecting mRNA levels coding for anti-inflammatory IL-4. Thus, rPSGL-Ig blockade of CD62-mediated adhesive interactions protects against severe ischemia/reperfusion injury suffered otherwise by steatotic rat livers. These findings document the potential utility of rPSGL-Ig in increasing the transplant donor pool through modulation of marginal steatotic livers.     

Neurological symptoms in individuals with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare, disabling condition caused by gain-of-function mutations of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, leads to episodes of heterotopic ossification and resultant immobility. Neurological problems have not been associated with FOP, but neurological symptoms are commonly reported by FOP patients. To determine the prevalence of neurological symptoms and their characteristics in individuals with FOP, we conducted a survey of the 470 patient members of the International FOP Association (IFOPA) using a questionnaire about neurological symptoms. There were 168 responses (105 females, 63 males; age 1.5?C68?years) from 30 countries representing 36?% of IFOPA members. Chronic neurological symptoms were reported by 86 (51?%). Prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) was significantly increased (P?<?0.001) compared to the general population, and tenfold more common in females (15?%) than males (1.6?%). Of those with NP, 94?% reported other sensory abnormalities. Prevalence of recurrent severe headaches (HA) (26?%) was similar to that in the general population, but prevalence in females with FOP (36?%) was almost fourfold greater than in males. Prevalence of NP, HA, and other sensory abnormalities was substantially higher in post-pubertal females; 33?% reported symptoms worsened during menstrual periods. Worsening of neurological symptoms during FOP flare-ups was reported by 23?%. Three patients with FOP (1.8?%) reported myoclonus, a prevalence much greater than reported in the general population (P?<?0.001). Our worldwide survey indicates that neurological symptoms are common in FOP. We speculate that these symptoms are related to effects of dysregulated BMP signaling on the central and/or peripheral nervous systems.