儿童肺炎支原体感染状况分析

目的 探讨儿童的肺炎支原体(MP)感染现状及早期诊断的意义。方法 检测181例就诊儿童血液标本分析MP感染的状况。结果 肺炎支原体感染率为29.8％;男性患儿MP检测阳性率(35.7％)明显高于女性患儿(16.4％)(P<0.01);5岁以下患儿阳性率超过50％,且有3例婴儿检测阳性;10-12月份支原体肺炎发病率明显增加,占全年的40.7％。结论 针对儿童支原体肺炎的发病情况,早诊断,早治疗,利于患儿尽早康复,防止肺部病变迁延及肺外并发症的发生。     

无精子及严重少精子症的遗传学缺陷分析

目的 探讨遗传缺陷在无精子、严重少精子症中的检测意义。方法 采用细胞遗传学技术及多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对65例无精子及严重少精子症患者进行染色体核型分析、Y染色体无精子因子(AZF)检测，同时行精索输精管诊察，阴性者行精液果糖定量实验。结果 染色体核型异常8例(12．3％)，AZF因子缺失7例(10．8％)，输精管缺如2例(3.1％)。结论 遗传学检测在男性无精子、严重少精子症有重要意义。     

适应社会主义市场经济 发展妇幼保健机构

本文在分析黑龙江省妇幼保健机构设置现状的基础上,论述了在社会主义市场经济新形势下,妇幼保健机构发展的指导思想、模式与对策。     

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Ⅰ. EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OPEN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS BY QUALITATIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYME IN AMNIOTIC FLUID

The measurement of amniotic fluid (AF) acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme (AChEI) is a relatively new method for early diagnosis of open neural tube defects (NTDs). As quantitative methods are of unproven reliability at present, the authors used a high resolving power qualitative method-vertical slab polyaerylamide gel electrophoresis. The benefits of this technique are: simplicity of operation, accuracy, unsophisticated equipment, and easily available reagents. Combined results of 9 NTDs studies revealed that samples from early pregnancy gave more accurate results than those from late pregnancy.     

INVOLVEMENT OF NON-NMDA AND NMDA RECEPTORS IN GLUTAMATE-INDUCED PRESSOR OR DEPRESSOR RESPONSES OF THE PONS AND MEDULLA

1. Fifty-five intact and six baroreceptor denervated and vagotomized cats of either sex were anaesthetized intraperito-neally with urethane (400 mg/kg) and a-chloralose (40 mg/kg). Responses of the systemic arterial pressure (SAP), mean SAP (MSAP) and sympathetic vertebral nerve (VNA) and renal nerve activities (RNA) were recorded. 2. In intact animals, monosodium L-glutamate (Glu, 0.1 mol/L, 50 nL) was microinjected into pressor areas of the locus coeruleus (LC), gigantocellular tegmental field (GTF), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and dorsomedial medulla (DM), and the depressor areas of caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The induced actions were compared before and after microinjection of either glutamate antagonists, glutamate diethylester (GDEE, 0.5 mol/L, 50–100nL), a competitive AMPA receptor blocker, or 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5, 0.025 mol/L, 50–100 nL), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. GDEE completely blocked the increases of SAP and VNA elicited from all pressor areas. D-AP5 only partially blocked the pressor but slightly blocked VNA and RNA responses from LC, GTF and DM, particularly those from RVLM. Neither GDEE nor D-AP5 blocked the depressor responses of SAP and two nerve activities elicited from CVLM. 3. In baroreceptor denervated animals, NMDA (2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) and AMPA (0.2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) were micro-injected into the same pressor areas of GTF, RVLM and DM and the depressor area of CVLM responsive to Glu activation (0.1 mol/L, 30 nL). In RVLM, DM and CVLM, the results of either NMDA or AMPA were similar to those induced by Glu. However, in GTF, microinjection of either NMDA or AMPA did not induce similar responses to Glu. This suggests that the nature of GTF may differ from RVLM and DM. 4. The above results suggest that the Glu-induced pressor responses from LC, GTF, DM and especially RVLM, are primarily mediated through AMPA receptors. The Glu-induced depressor responses from CVLM may not be predominantly mediated by either AMPA or NMDA receptors. 5. In both baroreceptor-intact and -denervated cats stimulation of the pressor areas often produced an increase of VNA and a decrease of RNA, while in the depressor CVLM decreased both VNA and RNA. The VNA, but not RNA were positively correlated with the pressor responses, while both VNA and RNA were positively correlated with the depressor responses. This may suggest that neurons of the sympathetic vertebral and renal nerves are topographically organized in the brain.     

慢性乙型肝炎的中医药生态治疗优势

现代医学的生物、心理与社会医学模式特点之一是对以身心疾病为主的现代疾病的预防和治疗 ,更加注重人体的整体性、强调药物作用的多靶点性 ,即整体调节作用。运用中医学的整体观与辩证论治治疗慢性疾病。如肝病的生态治疗就是发挥绿色天然中药复方的多重综合、双向调节功能 ,调动人体的防御机能 ,强调药物作用的多靶点性及整体调节作用以清除病毒、调节免疫、增强抵抗力、恢复肝功能、防止肝炎的慢性纤维化     

Proximal femoral focal deficiency: radiologic analysis of 49 cases

Proximal femoral focal deficiency, an uncommon congenital anomaly, necessitates early radiologic classification for surgical planning and treatment. Objective radiographic criteria, including femoral length index, acetabular depth index, acetabular angle index, and shape of the proximal femur were determined in 49 patients before cartilaginous ossification of the femoral capital epiphysis; final classification was based on follow-up radiographs or findings at arthrography or surgery. These parameters were analyzed to determine the accuracy and contributions of each in classification. Correct classification into one of three groups was possible in 86% of cases with use of three of the parameters: femoral length index, acetabular depth index, and shape of the proximal femur. The acetabular angle was found to contribute insignificantly to classification. Magnetic resonance imaging, used in only one case, depicted the nonossified cartilaginous femoral capital epiphysis, thus obviating the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and facilitating early classification.     

口服维生素K1对新生儿维生素K缺乏诱导蛋白的影响

目的 探讨口服维生素K1（VK1）对新生儿VK缺乏症诱导蛋白Ⅱ（PIVKA－Ⅱ）的影响及口服VK1的最佳剂量。方法 随机将101例足月新生儿分为口服VK1 2.5mg组、5mg组及对照组三组，出生时均采集脐血，用酶联免疫吸附法测定PIVKA－Ⅱ含量，3d后复查三组新生儿血PIVKA－Ⅱ含量。结果 PIVKA－Ⅱ≥2mg/ml人数2.5mg组由8例降至4例，5mg组由11例降至2例，对照组由11例降至8例。经统计学处理，2.5mg组与5mg组比较P＞0．05；口服VK1组与对照组比较P＜0．05。结论 PIVKA－Ⅱ的变化与口服VK1剂量的差异无显著性。