Overexpression/amplification of HER-2/neu is uncommon in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most prevalent fatal cancers in the world. Despite advances in early diagnosis and improvements in surgical techniques, the survival of patients with HCC even after resection is poor because of the high incidence of recurrences. Therefore, the identification of prognostic factors may be helpful in the development of new treatment protocols. AIMS： To investigate HER-2/neu status in HCC by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and fluorescence in situ hybridisation （FISH）, and to explore the possibility of using trastuzumab in the treatment of HCC. METH ODS： Eight hundred and sixty eight surgical samples from patients with primary HCC were examined for their HER-2/neu status. IHC for HER-2/neu was performed with the HercepTest kit; FISH analysis was performed with the PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe kit. The correlations between HER-2/neu overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed statistically. RESULTS： HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 21 （2.42%） of the 868 primary HCCs. Only one specimen showed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH. No significant associations were found between HER-2/neu overexpression and the clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS： There is a low frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression/amplification in HCC. There appears to be no role for HER-2/neu as a prognostic marker and no benefit of anti-HER-2/neu trastuzumab treatment in patients with HCC.     

哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠心肌钠泵α亚单位基因表达影响的对比研究

目的　对比研究哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠心肌钠泵 (Na ,K ATP酶 )亚单位基因表达的影响 ,探讨内源性哇巴因(EO)的生物学效应以及洋地黄类药物药理作用的分子机制。方法　每天给予大鼠注射小剂量哇巴因 (2 0 μg·kg 1·d 1)与地高辛 (32 μg·kg 1·d 1) ,每周测量一次大鼠血压 ;6周后处死动物 ,应用RT PCR技术在mRNA水平探讨大鼠心肌钠泵α1、α2 及α3亚单位基因表达的改变。结果　给予大鼠注射哇巴因 6周后血压明显升高 (132 6± 9 0mmHgvs 115 7± 8 2mmHg ,P <0 0 1) ,而地高辛组大鼠血压与对照组比较无明显差异。哇巴因与地高辛均可导致大鼠心肌钠泵α亚单位基因表达的改变 :两者均可引起钠泵α3亚单位表达增强 ,而对α2 亚单位表达无影响 ;哇巴因组大鼠心肌钠泵α1亚单位表达减弱 ,而地高辛组α1亚单位表达无改变。结论　哇巴因与地高辛可导致不同的钠泵基因表达改变 ,这可能是内源性哇巴因发挥生理作用的分子机制之一 ,并且可能是哇巴因与地高辛药理及毒理作用 (包括两者对血压的调节 )不同的重要原因。     

不同负荷的游泳训练及雌激素对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响

目的:观察不同负荷的游泳训练和雌激素,对去卵巢大鼠血中生化指标和骨矿盐及其密度的影响,从而为因雌性激素减少而发生骨质疏松症的患者进行运动康复提供理论依据。方法:实验于2005-09/11在徐州医学院实验动物中心实验室完成。选取3月龄清洁级雌性SD大鼠75只,按体质量分层随机分为假手术组、骨质疏松模型组、中等负荷运动组、大负荷运动组、雌激素干预组,每组15只。骨质疏松模型组、中等负荷运动组和大负荷运动组、雌激素干预组行去卵巢术,假手术组行假手术。中等负荷运动组术后1周后进行游泳训练,45min/次,6次/周,休息1d。大负荷运动组游泳条件与中等负荷运动组相同,120min/次;雌激素干预组给予17β-雌二醇20μg/(kg·d),皮下注射,2次/周。假手术组和骨质疏松模型组正常饲养。6周后,测血清中钙、磷、总碱性磷酸酶和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的变化,观测大鼠股骨远端骨松质骨矿盐含量、骨松质骨矿盐密度。结果:实验过程中各组大鼠均有死亡,死亡大鼠被剔除,共纳入结果分析66只。①6周后中等负荷的游泳运动训练和雌激素干预组大鼠与骨质疏松模型组大鼠相比,血清中钙、磷浓度及总碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著或非常显著升高(P<0.05～0.01),两组钙浓度和总碱性磷酸酶的活性分别上升8.4%,11.7%;20.1%,21.2%;骨股远端总的骨矿盐含量上升39%和33.4%,而大负荷的运动训练对钙和磷的效果不明显(P>0.05)。②4组的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性均高于假手术组,其中骨质疏松模型组和大运动量组较假手术组显著升高(P<0.01);中等负荷的游泳运动训练和雌激素干预组血中的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性相对于骨质疏松模型组下降31.8%和35.0%,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。③与骨质疏松模型组比较,中等负荷运动组和雌激素干预组大鼠骨松质骨矿盐含量升高明显(97.1%,88.6%,P<0.01);大负荷运动组的效果不明显。结论:中等负荷的游泳训练能像注射雌激素一样改善去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢状况,提高骨的形成,抑制骨的吸收,改善骨质疏松症状。     

更昔洛韦对原位肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的预防和治疗:19例临床资料回顾

目的:巨细胞病毒感染是器官移植后的一个严重并发症,回顾性分析肝移植术后患者巨细胞病毒感染的诊断和防治方法.方法:①回顾分析2005-05/2006-08解放军总医院第二附属医院全军器官移植中心收治的19例肝移植受者的临床资料,供者均为健康献肝者.供者、受者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理道德委员会批准.②术后1个月检测1次巨细胞病毒血清抗体,预防和治疗巨细胞病毒感染均采用静脉注射更昔洛韦.术后采用三联免疫抑制疗法,根据术后血药浓度及肝功能改变调整免疫抑制药物用量.③采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血中巨细胞病毒抗体巨细胞病毒IgG、巨细胞病毒IgM.结果:19例受者中6例发生巨细胞病毒感染,均无临床症状,并全部治愈.结论:更昔洛韦能够有效治疗肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染.积极预防、早期治疗肝移植术后患者巨细胞病毒感染是治疗成功的关键.     

Clinical and familial study of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Objective　To explore the characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods　Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 34 members of three families were studied. All patients and family members underwent history collection, clinical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) and a signal averaging electrocardiogram. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in five patients. Results　All patients and family members had normal morphologic characteristics and normal function of the left ventricular by 2-DE. Fourteen persons had abnormal findings indicating ARVC. Five had enlargement of the right ventricular with diffused hypocontractility, eight had thin and systolic bulging in the focal anterior wall with hypokinesia and one had bulging of the inferior wall. Twenty-five persons (seven patients and 18 family members) had abnormal findings in ECG. Positive ventricular late potential was recorded in 13 persons (six patients). Two to three monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) configurations were induced in five patients. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in two patients during the electrophysiologic study (EPS). Five patients had very high pacing threshold and/or ineffective pacing in one or many regions of the right ventricle. Two members of one family died suddenly. One member was a dwarf with ARVC. Spontaneous VT with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) configuration was recorded in five patients, polymorphic VT with extremely short coupling interval in one, and premature ventricular complexes with LBBB configuration in 12 (six patients). Conclusion　Our familial study strongly suggests that ARVC may be a hereditary disease and it is helpful in the diagnosis and detection of ARVC. The most common manifestations were abnormal structure and function of the right ventricle and abnormal ECG of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia which originates from the right ventricle.     

PCV16 Smoking Related Costs in the United States

Smoking is a high-risk behavior that affects the health and economic welfare of society. Thus, it is important to quantify the economic burden smoking places on social institutions in the United States.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review paper is to analyze smoking cost studies and to provide estimates that represent the economic costs of smoking from different perspectives of society, and as a whole.
METHODS: Current Contents (1996–), Health Star (1970–), and Medline (1966–) databases were searched through the use of pertinent subject headings and key words: tobacco use, smoking, cost, and economics. The internet was utilized to identify potential sources of epidemiological and cost information on smoking. Recent cost-of-illness studies using different methodologies: human capital, incidence, and prevalence were chosen for review based on their relevance.
RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate that the published cost studies available underestimate the "true" costs of smoking. The most current articles approximate annual direct medical costs to health care payers of $50 billion (1993); inflating to 1997 equals $59 billion or $1,200 per smoker. Although the latest cost studies do not attempt to estimate indirect costs, past studies have found indirect costs to be 1.5–2 times the direct costs. Therefore, using direct and indirect costs we estimate total smoking costs to be $150 billion (1993); inflating to 1997 equals $176 billion or $3,500 per smoker.
CONCLUSION: Quantifying the cost of smoking is a difficult task due to tobacco use infiltrating many aspects of life and the dependency of cost on perspective. Cost-of-illness studies provide cost estimation data which can be useful in aiding decision-makers who are allocating health care resources.     

6-取代苯基哒嗪的3位γ-氨基丁酸衍生物的合成及抗惊活性

GABA的合成类似物是开发新型抗惊剂和抗癫痫药物的新领域。由芳香醛与吗啉、氰化钾反应形成的α-芳基-α-(4-吗啉)乙腈,可对α,β-不饱和腈或酯进行1,4-加成,生成1,4-酮酸型化合物。此物与肼缩合,再经芳构化即得6-芳基-3(2H)哒嗪酮。后者再经氯化后。与GABA缩合,制备3-(N-GABA)-6-芳基哒嗪类及其分子内脱水产物3-(N-丁内酰胺)-6-芳基哒嗪类化合物。本文应用此法合成了17个上述苯代哒嗪的GABA衍生物,并初步测验了它们的抗惊(MES)活性。活性最强的是3-(N-GABA)-6-(2′,4′-二氯苯基)哒嗪(ED₅₀=21.05mg/kg)。     

N－甲基－N－（α－取代萘甲基）取代苄胺类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性

报道２５个Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ－（α－取代萘甲基）取代苄胺类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性。抑菌测试结果表明，目标化合物对于８种试验菌种均有不同程度的抑菌活性，化合物６，７，８，１０，１１和２１等活性为ｎａｆｔｉｆｉｎｅ的４～２０倍，化合物８，１０，１１和２１等活性为ｂｕｔｅｎａｆｉｎｅ的２～１０倍，化合物８，９，１０，１１和２１等对Ｓｐｏｒｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｓｃｈｅｎｃｋｉｉ及Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｆｕｍｉｇａｔｕｓ的活性为ｃｌｏｔｒｉｍａｚｏｌｅ的８～１５倍，化合物７，８，９和２１等对Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｃｏｃｕｓｎｅｏｆｏｒｍａｎｓ亦表现出较高活性，ＭＩＣ为０．３１～１．２５μｇ·ｍｌ－１。     

咪苯嗪酮对TXA2和HHT生成的选择性抑制作用

咪苯嗪酮(CI-914)能抑制大鼠血小板环氧酶和TXA₂合成酶产物HHT的生成,而对脂氧酶产物12-HETE的生成仅高浓度药物才有弱的抑制作用,提示CI-914主要影响花生四烯酸(AA)环氧酶途径,而对脂氧酶途径影响较少。在大鼠血小板和中性白细胞CI-914能抑制TXA₂的生成,同时CI-914还可使白细胞6-keto-PGF_1a和血小板PGE₂的产生量显著增加,提示CI-914在这两种细胞引起了AA的转向合成。上述结果基本证实,CI-914在大鼠中性白细胞和血小板对TXA₂合成酶具有选择性抑制作用。