Überregionale Public-Health-Akteure in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Kategorisierung

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Akteure der öffentlichen Gesundheit (Public Health) tragen wesentlich zu Gesundheitsschutz, -förderung und...     

Direct thrombolysis of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with coexisting intracranial hemorrhage.

We present a case of dural cerebral venous thrombosis with coexisting left frontal hemorrhage that was successfully treated with 13.79 million units of urokinase over a period of 165 hours.     

Serum cholesterol levels in a multiracial sample of 7,439 preschool children from Arizona.

BACKGROUND. The distribution and correlates of serum levels of total cholesterol were studied in cross-sectional analyses of 7,439 1 to 4 year olds examined through the Arizona Department of Health Services. RESULTS. Mean cholesterol levels increased with age, and levels among 2 year olds approached those seen in adolescents. Racial and ethnic differences in cholesterol levels were observed: mean (age-adjusted) levels were 147 mg/dl among American Indians (n = 622), 153 mg/dl among Hispanics (n = 3165), 154 mg/dl among non-Hispanic whites (n = 3448), and 163 mg/dl among blacks (n = 204). Cholesterol levels were not associated either with obesity, as assessed by relative weight or the Quetelet index, or with breast-feeding during infancy. Very overweight (greater than or equal to 20 kg/m2) 3 and 4 year olds, however, tended to have higher mean levels of cholesterol than did other children. The proportion of children with borderline (170 to 199 mg/dl) or high (greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl) levels of cholesterol varied by race/ethnicity: borderline (high) levels were seen among 14% (3%) of American Indians and 29% (11%) of blacks. The proportions of white and Hispanic children having cholesterol levels between 170 and 199 mg/dl or greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl were midway between those seen among American Indians and blacks. CONCLUSION. Additional information on the interrelationships of lipids and lipoproteins may aid in the identification of children who will be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood.     

Predicting the solubility of sulfamethoxypyridazine in individual solvents. I: Calculating partial solubility parameters

Sulfamethoxypyridazine, a representative model of a drug molecule, is used to test the extended Hansen method for estimating partial solubility parameters of solid compounds. Solubilities are determined in polar and nonpolar solvents. The method provides reasonable partial parameters for the sulfonamide, and it may be useful in obtaining partial parameters for other drug molecules. A four-parameter extended Hansen approach involving proton donor and acceptor parameters is used in fitting the data to a theoretical model. A term, Wh, is introduced as an empirical measure of solute-solvent interactions due to hydrogen bonding. The use of the empirical term Wh allows the researcher to fit experimental solubilities and thus design regression models and equations which provide a reasonable prediction of solubilities of a polar drug in a number of very different solvents. A Flory-Huggins size correction term improves the prediction of sulfamethoxypyridazine solubilities in these irregular solutions.     

Gastrointestinal failure in intensive care: a retrospective clinical study in three different intensive care units in Germany and Estonia

Background  

While gastrointestinal problems are common in ICU patients with multiple organ failure, gastrointestinal failure has not been given the consideration other organ systems receive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal failure (GIF), to identify its risk factors, and to determine its association with ICU mortality.     

Unilateral neglect: further validation of the baking tray task.

OBJECTIVE: The Baking Tray Task is a comprehensible, simple-to-perform test for use in assessing unilateral neglect. The aim of this study was to validate further its use with stroke patients. METHODS: The Baking Tray Task was compared with 2 versions of the Behaviour Inattention Test and a test for personal neglect. A total of 270 patients were subjected to a 3-item version of the Behaviour Inattention Test and 40 patients were subjected to an 8-item version of the Behaviour Inattention Test, besides the Baking Tray Task and the personal neglect test. RESULTS: The Baking Tray Task was more sensitive than the 3-item Behaviour Inattention Test, but the 8-item Behaviour Inattention Test was more sensitive than the Baking Tray Task. The best combination of any 3 tests was Baking Tray Task, Reading an article, and Figure copying; the 2 last-mentioned being a part of the 8-item Behaviour Inattention Test. CONCLUSION: Multi-item tests detect more cases of neglect than do single tests. However, it is tiresome for the patient to undergo a larger test battery than necessary. It is also time-consuming for the staff. Behavioural tests seem more appropriate when assessing neglect. The Baking Tray Task seems to be one of the most sensitive single tests, but its sensitivity can be further enhanced when it is used in combination with other tests.