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排序方式: 共有257条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Predicting outbreaks: a spatial risk assessment of West Nile virus in British Columbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kaoru Tachiiri Brian Klinkenberg Sunny Mak Jamil Kazmi 《International journal of health geographics》2006,5(1):21-21
Background
West Nile virus (WNv) has recently emerged as a health threat to the North American population. After the initial disease outbreak in New York City in 1999, WNv has spread widely and quickly across North America to every contiguous American state and Canadian province, with the exceptions of British Columbia (BC), Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. In this study we develop models of mosquito population dynamics for Culex tarsalis and C. pipiens, and create a spatial risk assessment of WNv prior to its arrival in BC by creating a raster-based mosquito abundance model using basic geographic and temperature data. Among the parameters included in the model are spatial factors determined from the locations of BC Centre for Disease Control mosquito traps (e.g., distance of the trap from the closest wetland or lake), while other parameters were obtained from the literature. Factors not considered in the current assessment but which could influence the results are also discussed. 相似文献2.
Objective: To compare the nasal valsalva with the trumpet manoeuvre and anterior neck skin traction as aids to nasendoscopic examination of the hypopharynx. Design: Randomised, controlled comparison of examination techniques. Setting: Single tertiary referral centre. Participants: Twenty‐six adult patients requiring hypopharyngeal nasendoscopic examination were recruited. Patients were examined with both techniques in a randomised order that was recorded to video cassette. Main Outcome Measures: Blinded assessment of the percentage visualisation of the pyriform fossae, post‐cricoid and upper oesophageal sphincter was carried out by three consultant otolaryngologists independently. Results: Mean percentage scores (and 95% confidence intervals) for nasal valsalva versus trumpet manoeuvre for the three consultants, respectively, were as follows: right pyriform fossa: 77(68, 87) versus 80(71, 91), 61(55, 66) versus 60(54, 66), 46(38, 54) versus 45(37, 54); left pyriform fossa: 76(65, 87) versus 80(69, 91), 59(53, 64) versus 55(49, 61), 42(35, 49) versus 42(35, 50); post‐cricoid: 55(44, 67) versus 59(47, 71), 53(46, 60) versus 53(46, 60), 32(25, 39) versus 32(25, 39); upper oesophageal sphincter: 11(1, 21) versus 21(11, 31), 15(9, 21) versus 20(14, 26), 4(0, 8) versus 7(3, 11). No significant difference was found between the two techniques at any subsite. Individual differences were noted in a minority of patients where one or other technique gave a clearly improved view. Conclusions: The nasal valsalva and the trumpet manoeuvre with anterior neck skin traction are complementary techniques for improving the view of the hypopharynx. 相似文献
3.
Farideh Nejat Parvin Tajik Mostafa El Khashab Syed Shuja Kazmi Ghamar Taj Khotaei Shahrzad Salahesh 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2008,41(2):112-117
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Shunt infection represents a particularly morbid condition, which can also result in mortality. In order to decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates, prevention is an essential step. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) for the prevention of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection. METHODS: In this prospective, single-institution, randomized clinical trial, 107 children with hydrocephalus and an indication for shunting were randomly assigned to prophylaxis with ceftriaxone (n = 50) or SXT (55), each administered as a single dose during anesthesia and two divided doses postoperatively. Patients were followed up for at least one year. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 15 months, and 85% were aged 6 months or younger. During the first postoperative year, meningitis occurred in 13.5% of patients receiving ceftriaxone and 14.5% of the SXT group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Younger age, presence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and aqueductal stenosis as a cause of hydrocephalus showed significant correlation with meningitis occurrence on univariate analysis. However, only the latter 2 factors were associated with meningitis on multivariate analysis. The risk of shunt infection did not correlate with the gender of the patient, time of VP shunt surgery, or duration of hospitalization for shunting. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone and SXT showed similar efficacy in preventing shunt infection. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage before or after VP shunt placement and aqueductal stenosis were independent risk factors for meningitis after VP shunt. 相似文献
4.
Syed Ayaz Kazmi Abdul Rauf Mohammed Merae Alshahrani Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh Zahoor Iqbal Raya Soltane ElSayed Tag-Eldin Altaf Ahmad Zulqarnain Ansari Zia-ur-Rehman 《Viruses》2022,14(9)
Background: Very few studies have been reported on hepatitis B in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, and none of them are specific to the prevalence and causes of hepatitis B spread among educational institutes. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B infection and its associated risk factors among the University of AJ and K population. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted with 7015 students and employees. Hepatitis B was detected by rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and real-time quantitative PCR. A questionnaire and interview method was used to assess the disease knowledge and associated risk factors with hepatitis B through Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and paired t-test. Results: Of the participants, 150 (2.13%) were found positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (57.3% male and 42.7% female). Only 0.3% participants were found fully vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus. Among ethnic groups, the Syed tribe was found more prevalent for hepatitis B infection (40.6%), while use of contaminated mourning blades (95% CI: p = 0.0001) was found as an overlooked risk factor. Hepatitis preventive awareness sessions were found to be very significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The study showed that an overlooked risk factor is playing a key role in the spread of HBV in a tribe living worldwide, which must be addressed globally to eradicate hepatitis B. In Pakistan, a country-wide annual HBV vaccination program should be launched to control hepatitis B. 相似文献
5.
Prognostic value of psychosocial factors for first and recurrent hospitalizations and mortality in heart failure patients: insights from the OPERA‐HF study 下载免费PDF全文
Ioanna Sokoreli Steffen C. Pauws Ewout W. Steyerberg Gert‐Jan de Vries Jarno M. Riistama Aleksandra Tesanovic Syed Kazmi Pierpaolo Pellicori John G. Cleland Andrew L. Clark 《European journal of heart failure》2018,20(4):689-696
Aims
Psychosocial factors are rarely collected in studies investigating the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF), and only time to first event is commonly reported. We investigated the prognostic value of psychosocial factors for predicting first or recurrent events after discharge following hospitalization for HF.Methods and results
OPERA‐HF is an observational study enrolling patients hospitalized for HF. In addition to clinical variables, psychosocial variables are recorded. Patients provide the information through questionnaires that include social information, depression and anxiety scores, and cognitive function. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression and the Andersen–Gill model were used to identify predictors of first and recurrent events (readmissions or death). Of 671 patients (age 76 ± 15 years, 66% men) with 1‐year follow‐up, 291 had no subsequent event, 34 died without being readmitted, 346 had one or more unplanned readmissions, and 71 patients died after a first readmission. Increasing age, higher urea and creatinine, and the presence of co‐morbidities (diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were all associated with increasing risk of first or recurrent events. Psychosocial variables independently associated with both the first and recurrent events were: presence of frailty, moderate‐to‐severe depression, and moderate‐to‐severe anxiety. Living alone and the presence of cognitive impairment were independently associated only with an increasing risk of recurrent events.Conclusion
Psychosocial factors are strongly associated with unplanned recurrent readmissions or mortality following an admission to hospital for HF. Further research is needed to show whether recognition of these factors and support tailored to individual patients' needs will improve outcomes.6.
7.
Alkharfy KM Al-Daghri NM Al-Attas OS Alokail MS Mohammed AK Vinodson B Clerici M Kazmi U Hussain T Draz HM 《Endocrine journal》2012,59(3):253-263
Genetics plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here we examined the association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms and MetS in a Saudi Arabian cohort to extend the understanding of the genetic basis of MetS in diverse ethnic populations. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters as well as genotyping for 894G>T, -786T>C variants of eNOS gene by PCR-RFLP and 4a/b by direct PCR were performed in 886 Saudi Arabians (477 MetS and 409 Non-MetS). The genotype distribution (TT, p=0.001; TC, p=0.001; TC+CC, p=0.001) and allele (T, p=0.007; C, p=0.007) frequency of the -786T>C SNP were significantly different between Non-MetS and MetS subjects which remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Moreover: 1) the GT and GT+TT genotypes of the 894G>T SNP were associated with elevated blood pressure (p=0.017, and p=0.022, respectively); 2) the ab variant of 4a/b polymorphism was associated with decreased HDL levels (p= 0.044); and 3) the TC+CC genotype and C allele of the -786T>C SNP were associated with increased fasting glucose levels (p=0.039, and p=0.028, respectively). Also, G-a-C was identified as the risk haplotype for MetS susceptibility (p=0.034). The results suggest a significant association of 894G>T, 4a/b and -786T>C polymorphisms with MetS and its components is present in an Arab population. A genetic predisposition to develop abnormal metabolic phenotypes, consistent with an increased prevalence of metabolic phenotypes can be detected in this ethnic group. 相似文献
8.
Jamal Kazmi Poh Choon Ooi Boon Tong Goh Min Kai Lee M. F. Mohd. Razip Wee Siti Shafura A Karim Syed Raza Ali Raza Mohd Ambri Mohamed 《RSC advances》2020,10(39):23297
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in the large and direct bandgap diluted magnetic semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) is attributed to the intrinsic defects and p-orbital–p-orbital (p–p) coupling interaction. However, due to oxidation, the ferromagnetism induced by defects is unstable. In the present work, the solution process synthesis route was utilized to grow pristine and bismuth-doped, highly crystalline ZnO nanowire (ZnO NW)-based samples. The FE-SEM images showed that the grown ZnO NWs have a preferred orientation along the c-axis in the (001) direction due to the anisotropic crystal nature of ZnO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Bi, and at a higher doping content, the bismuth oxide phase appeared. The XRD patterns showed the wurtzite crystal structure, and the large intensity of the (002) peak suggests that most of the reflection was from the top hexagonal face of the NWs, and thus, the wires are predominantly aligned along the c-axis. The TEM analysis further confirmed the crystal growth direction along the (001) direction. The UV-Visible absorption and PL measurements also showed a decrease in the bandgap with an increase in doping concentration, which may be associated with the sp–d exchange interaction between the localized d-electrons and band electrons of the Bi ions. Bi-doping tended to increase the PL intensity in the visible region. The magnetic properties measured by SQUID at 4 and 300 K showed ferromagnetic behaviour for both the pristine and Bi-doped samples. However, the saturation magnetization for the Bi-doped samples was higher compared to that of the pristine ZnO samples until the threshold doping value. The obtained results demonstrated that Bi-doping can be used to tune both the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO NWs, hence paving the way for future spintronics and spin-polarized optoelectronics applications.Room-temperature ferromagnetism in the large and direct bandgap diluted magnetic semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) is attributed to the intrinsic defects and p-orbital–p-orbital (p–p) coupling interaction. 相似文献
9.
10.
Shahid M Amjad M Kazmi SU 《Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP》1996,6(1):43-46
To investigate the bacterial etiology of infant diarrhea in Karachi, Pakistan, 180 rectal swab samples collected from diarrhea patients under 5 years of age and 30 samples from age- and sex-matched healthy children were analyzed. Enteropathogenic organisms were isolated from 70 case samples (38.9%). The two most common etiologic agents were Campylobacter jejuni (19.4%) and Aeromonas hydrophilia (6.1%). Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersina appear to have a limited incidence in this age group. None of the control specimens yielded any enteropathogen. Breast-fed infants had a significantly lower risk of enteric infection. A pathogen was isolated in 26.0% of samples from breast-fed children with diarrhea compared with 46.8% of samples from bottle-fed diarrhea patients. All C jejuni infections identified in this study involved bottle-fed children. Boiled water was used to prepare infant formula in only 31.1% of these patients. These findings are consistent with those of other studies showing a decreased rate or severity of diarrhea in breast-fed infants. Mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their infants or, if this is not possible, to use boiled water for the preparation of infant formula. 相似文献