膀胱癌组织形态定量分析和病理学研究：附20例报告

对２０例膀胱移行上皮癌大切片ＨＥ染色，观察肿瘤表面、基部，浸润深部的组织形态特征，运用ＡｇＮＯＲ银染技术和图像分析技术进行了ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒计数和核形态计量研究。结果表明：膀胱移行上皮癌表面组织与基部组织的分级和恶性程度无显著性差异。肿瘤浸润深部的组织分级与恶性程度比肿瘤表面组织的高。     

α-L-岩藻糖苷酶测定的临床应用

研究结果表明AFU测定对肝癌的诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性，其价值优于AFP，两项指标联合检测可提高阳性检出率。动态监测有利于肝癌的早期诊断、鉴别诊断，并可作为转移、复发的指标，也可用于白血病及卵巢癌的诊断。     

Gene expression of human sperm component related to A4 amyloid precursor protein.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a specific human sperm protein and designated as the YWK-II mAb. The partial cDNA encoding the protein was isolated from a rat testis lambda gt11 expression library and the amino acid sequence of the protein was deduced. The cytoplasmic-transmembrane domains of the deduced protein had high homology with the A4 amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease. To evaluate the stage of spermatogenesis when the gene was expressed, single-stranded 35S-labeled RNA probes were prepared from the cDNA. By an in situ hybridization technique the mRNA for the antigen was detected in germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis. The finding that the gene is expressed in spermatogonia suggests possible involvement in the initiation of germ cell differentiation or in the detachment of spermatogonia from the basement membrane.     

西藏地区农牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系调查

目的　探讨西藏地区农、牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系。方法　自制问卷对 7个县 2 40个家庭 163 1名成员与包囊虫感染有关的生活习俗进行调查分析。结果　饭前便后洗手的人仅有 16 1%,餐具一般都用天然水洗 ,大部家庭用天然绵羊绒擦洗茶具。大多数人都喝过河溪水 ,池塘水 ,人人都吃半生不熟的肉 ,半数以上的吃生肉和生血肠 ,绝大多数人喝未经消毒的鲜牛、羊奶。 10 0 %家庭养狗 ,所有人员与狗、羊、牛、马接触密切。包囊虫病人占调查人数 0 43 %( 7/ 163 1) ,有典型症状者占 0 67%( 11/ 163 1)。结论　当地居民感染包囊虫与不良生活习俗有关     

高血压病心尖搏动图的改变

50例高血压病人ACG和 FDACG 检测的结果显示:高血压病不论舒张压高低或有无心脏增大,均有舒张功能改变,表现为A/EO 比值增高,A_2-dA/dt-min 和A_2O延长。此三项指标的异常出现率分别为40％、30％及14％,三项联合检测其中任何一项异常的出现率为54％。收缩功能无明显改变。治疗显效后,A/EO降低,A_2-dA/dt-min 缩短,说明心功能明显改善。     

三氧化二锑诱导急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究锑剂三氧化二锑（Sb2O3)对早幼粒细胞白血病细胞株NB4凋亡的诱导作用，以寻求早幼粒细胞白血病治疗的新方法。方法 采用细胞生长曲线，形态学及硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）还原试验，判定NB4细胞的生长，分化及功能。采用细胞周期分析和DNA电泳研究细胞凋亡。结果 Sb2O3能诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡，且具有时间，剂量依赖性。结论 Sb2O3能有效地诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡，提示锑剂诱导细胞半亡的疗法，有望成为临床治疗早幼粒细胞白血病的新方法。     

Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization image processing to improve the detection of simulated spiculations in dense mammograms

The purpose of this project was to determine whether Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) improves detection of simulated spiculations in dense mammograms. Lines simulating the appearance of spiculations, a common marker of malignancy when visualized with masses, were embedded in dense mammograms digitized at 50 micron pixels, 12 bits deep. Film images with no CLAHE applied were compared to film images with nine different combinations of clip levels and region sizes applied. A simulated spiculation was embedded in a background of dense breast tissue, with the orientation of the spiculation varied. The key variables involved in each trial included the orientation of the spiculation, contrast level of the spiculation and the CLAHE settings applied to the image. Combining the 10 CLAHE conditions, 4 contrast levels and 4 orientations gave 160 combinations. The trials were constructed by pairing 160 combinations of key variables with 40 backgrounds. Twenty student observers were asked to detect the orientation of the spiculation in the image. There was a statistically significant improvement in detection performance for spiculations with CLAHE over unenhanced images when the region size was set at 32 with a clip level of 2, and when the region size was set at 32 with a clip level of 4. The selected CLAHE settings should be tested in the clinic with digital mammograms to determine whether detection of spiculations associated with masses detected at mammography can be improved.Key Words: mammography, image processing, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, observer studies, breast cancer, spiculations     

骨组织工程种子细胞的研究进展

随着骨组织工程研究的进展 ,选择什么细胞作为其种子细胞成为近年来研究的热点。目前 ,骨组织工程应用中种子细胞有五种来源 :骨、骨膜、骨髓、骨外组织和早期胚胎。本文介绍了五种来源种子细胞的研究状况 ,并对种子细胞各自存在的问题及应用前景进行了分析。     

Systematic review and network meta-analysis assess the comparative efficacy and safety of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumor

Neurosurgical Review - To quantitatively synthesize the comparative efficacy and safety of the most common surgical approaches including endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery (ETES),...