食管癌患者血缘亲属及不同性别食管癌患病风险比较研究

目的 对比分析食管癌病例组与对照组血缘亲属食管癌患病风险,并了解食管癌家族中危险亲属人群患病的新线索.方法 采用病例对照研究方法 ,对食管癌病例组及对照组各720例进行逐层分析,以比较两组各血缘亲属父系、母系食管癌患病危险度(OR)的大小及差异.结果 (1)病例组Ⅰ级亲属食管癌患病危险度(1.34%～2.24%)显著高于对照组(0.78%～1.21%)(P＜0.01);Ⅰ级亲属中病例组父母亲食管癌患病危险度为6.11%,显著高于对照组父母亲食管癌患病危险度2.97%(P＜0O01).(2)以血缘亲属中父系和母系亲属逐层分析可见,病例组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.87%～1.01%)与母系患病危险度(0.50%～0.79%)均显著高于对照组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.53%～0.65%)与母系患病危险度(0.38%～0.47%)(P＜0.05).进一步分析显示,病例组父系中男性亲属与母系中女性亲属,即父系中祖父、父亲、叔伯食管癌患病危险度为2.68%与母系中外祖母、母亲、姨的食管癌患病危险度1.91%均显著高于对照组父系中男性亲属食管癌患病危险度1.50%与母系中女性亲属食管癌患病危险度0.92%(P＜0.01).结论 山西省食管癌患者血缘亲属发病危险主要是父亲及其兄弟、母亲及其姐妹,其下代患食管癌风险要大.     

近年火车创伤中关节损伤变化的特点

目的 探讨与分析快速列车所致火车创伤中关节损伤的变化特点。方法 集1997～2000年火车提速后10214例火车创伤中1279例关节损伤病例，分析在特定条件下的致伤因素、损伤严重程度、损伤类型特点，经AIS-ISS评分证实与预后的关系。结果 提速后关节损伤发生率由提速前33.54％上升到34.12％，死亡率由28.88％上升到30.33％，多关节离断伤由19.84％上升到34.13％，开放性关节损伤由31.71％上升到63.65％，关节离断伤的死亡率由21.19％上升到49.07％。结论 火车创伤无疑是十分严重的损伤，多发伤率远高于其他损伤，治疗棘手，多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)是致死的主要因素。     

Selection of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against autologous human melanoma from lymph nodes with metastatic melanoma using repeatedin vitro sensitization

Our goal was to determine the cytotoxic activity of effector cells in lymph nodes with metastatic melanoma. Lymphocytes contained within tumor cells from metastatic lymph nodes of two patients were allowed to proliferate in recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2, 100-1,000 units/ml) after 14–21 days of culture. Each set of lymphocytes showed cytotoxicity against autologous melanoma (AM, mean 72%) at effector to target ratio of 201 and K562 cells (mean 60%) using 4-h chromium-51 release assay. Using unlabeled AM and K562, each AM could partially block the activity against K562, but K562 could not block the activity against AM. These activated lymphocytes underwentin vitro sensitization (IVS) with irradiated AM cells and rIL-2 at 2-week intervals. After repeated IVS over about 50 days, each patient's lymphocytes showed cytotoxicity against AM (mean 54%) but not K562 (mean 5%,P < 0.001). These results indicate that different cytotoxic effector cells were present in the early and late phase of lymphocyte tumor culture. Repeated IVS resulted in the selection of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cold target inhibition assay demonstrated that melanoma cells contained common and individual AM-associated antigen in addition to K562-associated antigens.This work was supported by Biomedical Research Support Grant of the University of Arizona (no. 2S07 RR05675-20), the Elsa U. Pardee Foundation Grant, partly by the Arizona Chronic Disease Research Commission and partly by CA23074 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, U.S.A.Recipient of the American Cancer Society Clinical Oncology Career Award, 1987–90.     

乙二胺羟丙基壳聚糖固定化天门冬酰胺酶的研究

研制了新型壳聚糖胺基衍生物-乙二胺羟丙基壳聚糖（EDA-HPCS）,并将其用于固定天门冬酰胺酶,分别考察了甲醛活化载体和戊二醛活化载体对固定化酶活力的影响,结果表明,在适当的固定化条件下,甲醛活化EDA-HPCS的固定化酶活力约为30U/g载体,而戊二醛活化EDA-HPCS固定化酶活力约为16U/g载体。     

人内皮细胞和4种细胞因子对正常人和再生障碍性贫血患者粒系造血的影响

通过人脐静脉内皮细胞为铺层的双层细胞培养,观察内皮细胞和几种细胞因子对正常人和再障患者粒系造血的影响。方法以人内皮细胞作铺层,作体外骨髓CFU-GM半固体双层培养,并在培养体系中加入细胞因子GM-CSF、IL-2、IL-6和LAK细胞上清,观察内皮细胞和细胞因子对正常人和再障患者粒系造血的影响。结果在有内皮细胞的培养体系中CFU-GM的产率均显著高于无内皮细胞的相应培养体系。在无内皮细胞时,IL-6和LAK上清显示出与GM-CSF相似的粒系造血刺激作用。对15例初诊慢性再障患者骨髓粒系祖细胞培养结果表明,无内皮细胞存在时,无论向培养体系中加入何种细胞因子,均无集落生成,而在有内皮细胞的双层培养中,部分患者骨髓可见CFU-GM集落生成。结论内皮细胞对正常和再障粒系造血均有明显影响,并提示再障造血障碍有微环境因素。     

炭纤维细粉注入动物颅内的组织病理学和移动规律研究

目的 :研究炭纤维对动物大脑皮质神经细胞的影响及炭纤维在颅内的移动规律。方法 :将炭纤维细粉注入小鼠和家兔左侧大脑颞叶皮质内 ,动态观察脑组织病理学改变及炭纤维在颅内的移动。结果 :实验组 (EG)术后 1～ 5 2周 ,未发现小鼠和家兔有与炭纤维注入有关的神经病学改变 ;术后 1～ 2周 ,EG与 CG(对照组 )小鼠和家兔的脑组织病理学检查显示轻度异常改变 ,二组间差异不显著 ;术后 4～ 5 2周 ,EG、CG小鼠和家兔的脑组织未见明显的损伤性病变 ,EG可见炭纤维向脑内的正常裂隙移动和沉积。结论 :1炭纤维细粉注入动物大脑颞叶皮质后显示出良好的组织相容性 ;2注入动物脑内的炭纤维细粉崩解形成的碎屑最终可能通过淋巴途径清除。     

Human tissue distribution of platinum after cis-diamminedichloroplatinum

Summary Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, platinum concentrations were determined in autopsy tissue samples from 12 patients who had received cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) 20–120 mg/m² up to 6 months antemortem. Tissue platinum concentrations were highest in liver (0.5–3.7 g/g wet weight), prostate (1.6–3.6 g/g), and kidney (0.4–2.9 g/g), somewhat lower in bladder, muscle, testicle, pancreas, and spleen, and lowest in bowel, adrenal, heart, lung, cerebrum, and cerebellum, Platinum concentrations in tumors were generally somewhat lower than the concentration in the organ in which the tumor was located, with the exception of intracerebral tumors. Different metastatic sites in the same patient had substantially different platinum concentrations and hepatic metasutases had the highest concentrations. Intra-arterial administration of drug may augment tissue concentrations of platinum. In a patient undergoing therapeutic abortion 4 days after treatment, the platinum concentration was 0.5 g/g in the placenta and 0.3 g/g in the fetus. The data suggest that for in vitro sensitivity testing, DDP concentrations of 7 g/ml should be used.     

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of β-2′-deoxythioguanosine and 6-thioguanine in man

Summary Resistance to the antileukemic agent 6-thioguanine (TG) inevitably develops in animal tumors. However, a new agent, -2-deoxythioguanosine (-TGdR) can overcome TG resistance in animal tumor models and is therefore of potential clinical use. The pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled TG were compared with those of -TGdR in patients with cancer after intravenous administration. [³⁵S]--TGdR (5.4 mg/kg, 200 mg/m², 200 Ci total) was administered to five patients; the radiolabel in the plasma declined with an initial half-life (t_1/2) of 14 min and a terminal t_1/2 of 19.3 h. Within 24 h, 65% of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine. In contrast, after administration of [³⁵S]-6-TG (3.4 mg/kg, 125 mg/m², 200 Ci total) the average initial t_1/2 was 40 min while the terminal phase t_1/2 was 28.9 h. Urinary excretion of the radiolabel was 75% of the dose 24 h after administration. Both thiopurines were rapidly and extensively degraded and excreted as 6-thioxanthine, inorganic sulfate, S-methyl-6 thioxanthine, and 6-thiouric acid in addition to other products. Small amounts of unchanged drug were also excreted. These studies suggest that -TGdR is merely a latent form of TG.Deceased, to whose memory this paper is dedicated