Myeloid bodies in drug-induced acute tubular necrosis

A growing list of drugs, metals, and chemicals has been implicated as the cause of functional and structural damage specifically to the proximal tubular epithelium. Renal biopsies were obtained from three patients who had developed nephrotoxic agent-related acute renal failure. Two of the patients had received gentamicin and viomycin; the third patient had heavy exposure to chromium. All three biopsies showed acute tubular necrosis (ATN) on light microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that the proximal tubular cells and, to a lesser degree, the distal tubular cells, contained abundant, variably sized myeloid bodies. In our previous experimental study of viomycin-induced ATN in rats, similar ultrastructural findings of a gradual increase in the number of myeloid bodies in the proximal tubular cells were also observed. The constant presence of myeloid bodies in the tubular epithelial cells following drug-induced tubular necrosis suggests that they may represent lysosomal isolation of drug-bound cytoplasmic structures, as a cellular mechanism to degrade toxic substances and, therefore, may serve as an ultrastructural marker of cellular drug uptake and drug disposition.     

Immunotactoid glomerulopathy with fingerprint immune deposits

Summary Immunotactoid glomerulopathy is a distinct clinico-pathological entity which has recently been defined. The term immunotactoid refers to highly organized immune depositions appearing as rod-like microtubular structures in ultrastructural examination. We describe a patient with mixed connective tissue disease who demonstrates characteristic features of immunotactoid glomerulopathy. The diagnosis was made after excluding amyloidosis, cryoglobulinaemia and lupus nephritis. In addition to immunotactoid microtubules, ultrastructural examination also demonstrated presence of fingerprint depositions which were intimately mixed with immunotactoid structures. Fingerprint deposits have been described in lupus nephritis and cryoglobulin-related nephropathy, but rarely in other glomerulonephritis. These unique findings in our patient may suggest a previously unsuspected relationship between the syndrome of immunotactoid glomerulopathy and systemic lupus erythematosus.     

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a case report with ultrastructural study

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) is a rare histologic variant of Sertoli cell tumor. Recently we observed a case of LCCSCT of the testis with no associated endocrine abnormality. Our ultrastructural findings of rows of tight junctions, numerous intracytoplasmic filaments, and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum in whorled formations support the Sertoli cell origin of this neoplasm.     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的作用

目的:探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的作用。方法:2005年4月~2006年4月在我院妇科门诊就诊2 340名妇女进行宫颈癌前病变筛查,采用第2代杂交捕获试验(HC-Ⅱ)检测高危型HPV DNA联合薄层液基细胞学检查,同时进行阴道镜检查,并以宫颈活检的组织病理学为确诊标准。结果:筛查并经病理诊断为HPV感染365例,宫颈上皮内瘤变(C IN)Ⅰ级71例,C INⅡ48例,C INⅢ55例,宫颈浸润癌31例。以组织病理学为确诊标准,高危型HPV DNA检测C INⅡ、C INⅢ的敏感度是91.33%,特异度是74.51%,阳性预测值是5.21%,阴性预测值是99.79%。宫颈细胞学筛查C INⅡ、C INⅢ,以未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)为分界点的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是90.80%、80.45%、12.30%、99.50%;以高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)为分界点的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是98.90%、73.98%、4.90%、100.00%。高危型HPV DNA在不同宫颈病变中的阳性率分别是:宫颈癌88.57%(31/35),C INⅢ91.67%(66/72),C INⅡ87.50%(56/64),C INⅠ42.00%(21/50)。结论:高危型人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测在宫颈癌前病变的筛查中有很高的敏感度和阴性预测值,高危型HPV DNA联合细胞学检查可使敏感度和阴性预测值有提高,但特异度未能提高。     

Pretreatment Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Lactate Dehydrogenase as Predictive Markers of Survival in Patients with Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Objective: To investigate the relationships between the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and ascites fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and prognosis in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM).

Methods: A total of 125 patients with MPeM were selected for the study using a pathological screening method. Once the diagnosis is established, before the treatment their clinical characteristics and nutritional evaluations were recorded including CONUT score and ascites LDH level. The associations between CONUT, ascites LDH, and other clinicopathological features including body mass index, asbestos exposure, pathological type, and treatment method were analyzed. Prognostic parameters predicting overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results: High CONUT score, high ascites LDH level were positively associated with poor prognosis in patients with MPeM according to univariate analyses (P?<?0.001, P?<?0.001, respectively), and CONUT score and ascites LDH were independent predictors of a poor prognosis according to multivariate analysis. When the CONUT score is greater than 3 and the ascites LHD is greater than 474?IU/l, it indicates a poor prognosis.

Conclusions: CONUT score and ascites LDH are important factors influencing the prognosis of MPeM patients and should thus be considered in clinical applications.     

Over-the-wire US catheter probe as an adjunct to ERCP in the detection of choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND: Intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) as an adjunct to ERCP for detection of extrahepatic bile duct stones is technically easy, accurate, and safe. This prospective study evaluated IDUS with an "over-the-wire" catheter US probe as an adjunct to ERCP. METHODS: Sixty-five patients, highly suspected to have choledocholithiasis, underwent IDUS during ERCP. The IDUS probe was inserted by means of the duodenoscope into the bile duct without performing a sphincterotomy. All stones identified by IDUS or retrograde cholangiography were removed with either a basket or retrieval balloon after endoscopic sphincterotomy. RESULTS: The final diagnosis was choledocholithiasis in 59 patients. Bile duct diameter ranged from 0.6 to 2.3 cm and stone size from 2 mm to 2 cm. IDUS successfully identified all stones in these patients. IDUS resulted in 2 false-positive diagnoses in the remaining 6 patients without stones (overall accuracy 97%, sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%). Cholangiography detected stones in 55 of the patients with stones (accuracy 94%, sensitivity 93%, specificity 100%). CONCLUSION: IDUS, a safe, technically easy procedure, is highly accurate in the detection of extrahepatic bile duct stones regardless of the diameter of the bile ducts. The "over-the-wire" technique preserves access to the cannulated duct. IDUS is an excellent adjunct to ERCP for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. IDUS differentiates stones from air bubbles and prevents unnecessary sphincterotomy.     

“幼儿园效应”在3~5岁儿童肿瘤放疗中的应用研究北大核心CSCD

目的根据3~5岁学龄前儿童心理,将“幼儿园效应”引入到儿童肿瘤放射治疗(简称放疗)中,并评价临床应用效果。方法前瞻性将2020年1月至2021年8月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院放疗科收治的3~5岁患儿30例,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组15例。试验组患儿在治疗时采用“幼儿园模式”,即患儿们按规定时间一起来治疗,并待所有患儿治疗结束后一起离开。对照组患儿按放疗固定装置类型预约治疗时间,与成年患者穿插治疗。评估两组患儿的配合度,并比较两组患儿在头脚方向(superior-inferior,SI)、左右方向(left-right,LR)和前后方向(anteriorposterior,AP)上的摆位误差。结果试验组患儿平均治疗时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05);发生中断情况的比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组患儿行图像引导放疗后在SI、LR、AP3个方向上的平均误差均小于对照组,其中在SI、LR 2个方向上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利用这种“幼儿园效应”,放疗中大部分儿童可以积极配合,同时可以提高摆位的准确性和重复性,达到预期疗效。