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1.
The efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention for chronic insomnia has been proven by several meta-analytic reviews, an NIH report, an American Academy of Sleep Medicine review, and numerous clinical trials. Behavior therapy for chronic insomnia consists of relaxation, stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring and sleep hygiene education, which has produced reliable and durable changes in total sleep time, sleep onset latency, number and duration of awakening. These studies also showed that the post-treatment effect of behavior therapy is equal to that of hypnotic therapy, and that these effects were maintained for 6 months on follow-up assessment. Elderly insomniac patients would gain considerable benefit from behavioral treatments because there are no adverse physical effects as there are from pharmacological therapy. The authors present the basic theory, techniques of behavior therapy for insomnia, and the results of two important key meta-analytic reviews. Any behavioral approach such as convenient education, self-care enhancement by bibliotherapy, and individual face-to-face counseling, seem to be fruitful not only for American but also Japanese insomnia patients. Nonetheless, there are no currently actual intervention studies using behavior therapy in Japan. We have discussed the methodology of intervention study and published a behavioral self-help manual for people with sleep problems. Development of a behavioral approach to chronic insomnia seemed to be very beneficial and a useful contribution to mental health services. 相似文献
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Yuki Izawa Masanori Yoshizumi Keisuke Ishizawa Yoshiko Fujita Shuji Kondo Shoji Kagami Kazuyoshi Kawazoe Koichiro Tsuchiya Shuhei Tomita Toshiaki Tamaki 《Hypertension research》2007,30(11):1107-1117
Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1), also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), is a newly identified member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family. Recently, several studies have suggested that BMK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. To clarify the pathophysiological significance of BMK1 in the process of vascular remodeling, we explored the molecular mechanisms of BMK1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). From the results of co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses, it was found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a known potent mitogen, activated BMK1 and triggered the Gab1-SHP-2 interaction in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). The abrogation of SHP-2 phosphatase activity by transfection of the SHP-2-C/S mutant suppressed PDGF-stimulated BMK1 activation. Infection with an adenoviral vector expressing dominant-negative MEK5alpha, which can suppress PDGF-stimulated BMK1 activation to the control level, inhibited PDGF-induced RASMC migration. Moreover, we observed an increase of BMK1 activation in injured mouse femoral arteries. From these findings, it is suggested that BMK1 activation leads to VSMC migration induced by PDGF via Gab1-SHP-2 interaction, and that BMK1-mediated VSMC migration may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling. 相似文献
4.
Yoshiko Ogata Yoshihiro Mori Hikari Koga Kazuya Awai Yukako Arakawa Norihiko Nakanishi Mikio Kataoka Fumikazu Kohi 《Nihon Kokyūki Gakkai zasshi》2004,42(9):837-841
A 22-year-old man was urgently admitted for pneumothorax. He continued complaining of exertional dyspnea and dry cough after the pneumothorax healed. About three months later, an atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis by mycobacterium kansasii was identified. Exertional dyspnea increased after chemotherapy was administered, and the patient was readmitted because of difficulty in daily life activities. Chest radiographs and CT scans showed bilateral pulmonary hyperinflation and a narrowed heart shadow. There was also marked combined ventilatory impairment, as identified by a respiratory function test. Furthermore, the histological findings of surgically removed lung tissue revealed accumulation of lymphocytes in the wall of a small bronchus. Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans was diagnosed from the clinical course and clinical findings. The patient is now being monitored and is awaiting lung transplantation. 相似文献
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Movement of the lateral and medial poles of the working condyle during mastication in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shouichi Miyawaki Yuko Tanimoto Yoshiko Araki Akira Katayama Takuo Kuboki Teruko Takano-Yamamoto 《American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics》2004,126(5):549-554
Patients with unilateral posterior crossbite often show reverse sequential jaw movement patterns on the frontal view during mastication on the crossbite side. Recent studies show that such patients are prone to suffer from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement, particularly the lateral portion. The purpose of this study was to examine the movement of the lateral and medial poles of the working condyle during mastication in such patients. Subjects were 12 consecutive patients with unilateral posterior crossbites and without TMJ disc displacements and 12 normal subjects. An optoelectronic jaw-tracking system with 6 degrees of freedom was used to record the motion of the lateral and medial poles of the working condyle during mastication of standardized hard, gummy jelly. The data from the first 10 cycles were analyzed. The lateral and medial poles of the condyle on the crossbite side moved more in the medial direction and less in the lateral direction during mastication in the crossbite patients than the condyle in the normal subjects. The lateral pole of the working condyle moved more in the posterior and inferior directions and less in the anterior direction than the medial pole in all subjects. These results suggest that these condylar movements in patients with unilateral posterior crossbites might be related to the susceptibility to TMJ disc displacement, particularly the lateral portion. 相似文献
7.
In order to investigate the comparative fates of nivalenol (NIV) and 4-acetyl derivative of NIV (fusarenon-X, FX) in mice, 3H-FX or 3H-NIV was given p.o. to mice. Radioactivity was excreted mainly via the urine in mice given 3H-FX, but mainly via the feces in mice given 3H-NIV. The plasma radioactivity reached a peak at 30 or 60 min after the administration of 3H-FX or 3H-NIV, respectively. The plasma peak level was 5 times higher, and the area under curve (AUC) was 10 times higher, in 3H-FX-administered than 3H-NIV-administered mice. These findings clearly demonstrate that FX is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract more rapidly and efficiently than NIV. The HPLC profile of radioactivity of acetonitrile extracts of urine and feces indicated that FX is rapidly metabolized to NIV after being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro incubation of tissue homogenates with 3H-FX demonstrated that the liver and kidney are the organs responsible for the FX-to-NIV conversion. Thus this study demonstrated that the higher oral toxicity of FX than NIV that has been observed in mice and rats is due to the efficient absorption of FX than NIV from the gastrointestinal tract, followed by its rapid conversion to NIV by the liver and kidney. 相似文献
8.
In the present study, we investigated the changes in the localization of the glucose transporter GLUT2 and the fructose transporter GLUT5 in small intestinal absorptive cells during postnatal development, especially during the weaning period, using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the jejunum, GLUT2 was observed within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells, especially in the middle part of the villi. In the suckling rat ileum, GLUT2 was found within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells, but after 18 or 19 days after birth, GLUT2 was found mainly within the apical membrane domain. GLUT5 was observed within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells in the suckling rat jejunum. In the 18- or 19-day-old rat jejunum, GLUT5 was localized within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells in the lower part of the villi, but after weaning, GLUT5 was found within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells throughout the entire villi. In the suckling rat ileum, there was little GLUT5 in the absorptive cells. In the 18- or 19-day-old rat ileum, GLUT5 was localized within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells in the lower part of the villi, but after weaning, GLUT5 was observed mainly within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells throughout the entire villi. These results suggest that the localization of glucose transporters corresponds with a shift from neonatal-suckling to weaned absorptive cells during postnatal development. 相似文献
9.
Tsuneyuki Sato Yoshiko Takahashi Makiko Seno Hiroyuki Nakamura Hitoshi Tanaka Tadatoshi Ota 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1991,192(12):2909-2914
Polymerization of dialkyl itaconates with dimethyl azoisobutyrate ( 5 ) was studied in benzene at 50°C by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). The monomers used are dimethyl ( 1 ), diethyl ( 2 ), dibutyl ( 3 ) and di-2-ethylhexyl ( 4 ) itaconates. All the polymerization systems involve ESR-observable propagating polymer radicals under the actual polymerization conditions. The polymerization rate (Rp) and degree of polymerization of the resulting polymer increase in going from shorter to longer alkyl groups. The ESR-determined rate constants of propagation (kp) and termination (kt) decrease as the alkyl chain becomes longer. kp of 1 is 3,3 times higher than that of 4 , while kt of 1 is 590 times higher than that of 4 . Thus, the steric effect due to the alkyl group suppresses much more termination than propagation, leading to the fact that Rp increases as the alkyl group becomes larger. 相似文献
10.
Nascent peptide-mediated translation elongation arrest coupled with mRNA degradation in the CGS1 gene of Arabidopsis 下载免费PDF全文
Onouchi H Nagami Y Haraguchi Y Nakamoto M Nishimura Y Sakurai R Nagao N Kawasaki D Kadokura Y Naito S 《Genes & development》2005,19(15):1799-1810
Expression of the Arabidopsis CGS1 gene that codes for cystathionine gamma-synthase is feedback regulated at the step of mRNA stability in response to S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). A short stretch of amino acid sequence, called the MTO1 region, encoded by the first exon of CGS1 itself is involved in this regulation. Here, we demonstrate, using a cell-free system, that AdoMet induces temporal translation elongation arrest at the Ser-94 codon located immediately downstream of the MTO1 region, by analyzing a translation intermediate and performing primer extension inhibition (toeprint) analysis. This translation arrest precedes the formation of a degradation intermediate of CGS1 mRNA, which has its 5' end points near the 5' edge of the stalled ribosome. The position of ribosome stalling also suggests that the MTO1 region in nascent peptide resides in the ribosomal exit tunnel when translation elongation is temporarily arrested. In addition to the MTO1 region amino acid sequence, downstream Trp-93 is also important for the AdoMet-induced translation arrest. This is the first example of nascent peptide-mediated translation elongation arrest coupled with mRNA degradation in eukaryotes. Furthermore, our data suggest that the ribosome stalls at the step of translocation rather than at the step of peptidyl transfer. 相似文献