缺血预处理对缺血-再灌注硬化肝脏P-选择素表达的影响及保护作用

目的 :探讨缺血预处理 (IPC)对肝硬化肝脏缺血再灌注 (I R)损伤的保护作用以及 IPC对 P 选择素表达的影响和作用。方法 :2 4只雄性肝硬化 SD大鼠 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 8只 :假手术组 (SO组 ) ,缺血再灌注组 (I R组 ) ,缺血预处理组 (IPC组 )。用高效液相色谱法测定肝组织三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、一磷酸腺苷 (AMP)并计算能荷 (EC) ,用全自动生化仪测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (AL T)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH) ,记录肝脏胆汁分泌量 ,用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化酶 (SP)法免疫组织化学染色检测肝组织 P 选择素蛋白表达 ,并计算肝组织中性粒细胞浸润数和丙二醛含量 (TBA法 )。结果 :再灌注12 0分钟后 ,IPC组 ATP含量和 EC水平明显高于 I R组 ,AL T、AST、L DH释放受到明显抑制 (P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,肝组织胆汁分泌量明显多于 I R组 (P<0 .0 1) ,肝组织中性粒细胞浸润数受到抑制 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,丙二醛产生明显减少 (P<0 .0 0 1)。与 I R组比较 ,IPC组肝细胞 P选择素蛋白表达受到明显抑制 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :缺血预处理通过抑制肝组织 P选择素的表达 ,减少中性粒细胞黏附浸润 ,从而减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤程度 ,保护肝功能     

Neuroprotective effect of estrogen after chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats

BACKGROUND: At present, there is still lack of effective drugs for chronic spinal cord injury, whereas it is found recently that estrogen has a neuroprotective effect on brain and spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of estrogen on the apoptosis of nerve cells after gradual chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Institute of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. MATERIALS: Sixty-five female Wistar rats of common degree, weighing 220–250 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Lanzhou University. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =5), estrogen-treated group (n =30) and saline control group (n =30), and the latter two groups were observed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days respectively, and 5 rats for each time point. METHODS: All the rats were treated with bilateral oophorectomy 2 weeks before the experiment. T10 vertebral lamina was revolved into using plastic screw. The spinal canal impingement was not induced initially. After that, the original incision was opened to expose the screw every 7–10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The apoptosis and Caspase-3 positive cells in the damaged spinal cord were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after chronic spinal cord injury respectively. RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were used, and the deleted ones during the experiment were supplemented by others. Changes of Caspase-3 expression after spinal cord injury: In the sham-operated group, only a small amount of Caspase-3 proteins were observed in the rat spinal cord, mainly located in motor neurons of spinal cord anterior horn. In the estrogen-treated group and saline control group, positive cells expressed occasionally at 1 day postoperatively, began to increase obviously at 7 days after injury, strongly expressed at 14 and 28 days, but decreased at 60 days, mainly located in the neurons of spinal cord gray matter anterior horn, and they expressed fewer in the motor neurons and white matter of ventral horn, and there were obvious differences between the estrogen-treated group and saline control group at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen can reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells and promote the recovery of neurological function following gradual chronic spinal cord injury.     

右前外胸部小切口行心脏不停跳心内直视手术

目的 介绍２７例右前外胸部小切口心脏不停跳体外循环心内直视手术的体会。方法：采用右前外胸部小切口２７例中,男１６例,女１１例,年龄１．８－４２岁,皮肤切口全长,儿童为８－１０ｃｍ,成人１０－１５ｃｍ,第四肋间入胸,在全麻浅低温心脏不停跳体外循环下进行,其中房缺３例,原发孔房缺（Ｐ－ＡＳＤ）１例,室缺（ＶＳＤ）１６例,室缺伴右室流出道狭窄（ＶＳＤ＋ＲＶＯＴ）１例,二尖瓣置换２例,主动脉瓣置换术３例。     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻一期切除吻合的安全保证——彻底快速而无污染的肠减压术(英文)

目的研究一种彻底快速而毫不污染手术野的术中肠减压方法,以便提高手术的安全性。方法游离系膜后,钳夹下将拟切除肠段的下端先切断,将其近侧断端置入并固定于粘附在手术床边的塑料袋中;松开肠钳,肠内容物自由流入袋内;双手交替推挤膨胀的肠段,由近而远,由小肠向大肠,直至大、小肠的内容物彻底排空。钳夹下切断上端,移除切下的肠段和充满粪便的塑料袋。结果使用本法行肠减压术,一期切除急性梗阻的左结肠癌31例,均未发生吻合口漏,创口一期愈合。另有6例肝段切除同时切除未作肠道准备的结肠癌亦取得同样结果。同法亦用于各种急性小肠梗阻,均未造成腹腔污染。结论本法可推荐为术中肠减压的首选方法。     

深圳市2017年-2019年常住居民恶性肿瘤死因分析

目的 分析深圳市恶性肿瘤死亡特征和分布情况,为政府制定恶性肿瘤的防控策略提供参考依据.方法 采用国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行编码分类,运用描述流行病学研究,对2017年1月1日-2019年12月31日深圳市常住居民恶性肿瘤10 612例死亡病例进行分析,分别计算死亡率、死因顺位等.结果 2017年-2019年间...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并胆管损伤的诊断治疗

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)胆管损伤的原因、诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析近7年来行腹腔镜胆囊切除术1656例患者的临床资料.结果 胆囊息肉274例,胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎168例,胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎1214例.共发生胆管损伤15例(0.91%),术中发现8例,术后早期发现7例.术中诊断主要依据手术野胆汁渗出或发现有2个胆管残端;术后诊断主要依靠临床症状、体征及影像学检查.1例患者行胆管壁缝合修补+T管支撑引流,4例患者行胆管端端吻合术,其中1例行胆管端端吻合加内支架支撑术后发生胆瘘而行再次开腹胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,其余10例患者均行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,均痊愈出院,愈后良好.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤与病因无关,术中及术后早期发现及恰当的处理,愈合良好.胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是胆管损伤最主要的修复术式.     

鲁登巴赫综合征的外科治疗

目的 :回顾分析 10例鲁登巴赫综合征 ,探讨该疾病在病理生理、诊断和治疗方面的特点。方法 :总结经外科治疗的鲁登巴赫综合征共 10例患者的临床资料。结果 :全组病例无围手术期死亡 ,无顽固性心力衰竭、肺动脉高压危象及恶性心律失常发生。结论 :鲁登巴赫综合征应及早手术治疗 ,修补房间隔缺损同时有效的解除二尖瓣狭窄 ,探查并处理合并的三尖瓣关闭不全 ,术后积极治疗肺动脉高压 ,支持心功能 ,可以取得满意的手术效果     

CXCL12／CXCR4在腺样囊性癌中的表达及对预后的价值

目的:探讨CXCL12/CXCR4的表达与腺样囊性癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测62例腺样囊性癌病理切片中CXCL12/CXCR4表达情况;Kaplan-Meier法、COX模型分析以上2个因子及临床病理相关指标对ACC患者预后生存时间的影响。结果:CXCL12、CXCR4在ACC组织中的阳性率分别是54.8%(34/62例)、77.42%(48/62例);Kaplan-Meier法结果显示CXCL12、CXCR4阳性组生存时间均较阴性组短(P<0.05);多因素结果分析显示CXCR4的表达、病理类型、临床分期、复发/转移是影响ACC预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:CXCR4的表达与ACC的恶性程度有关;CXCR4表达、病理类型、临床分期、复发/转移为预测腺样囊性癌预后的重要指标。     

重视新型冠状病毒肺炎对心脏的损害

【摘要】目前2019新型冠状病毒（2019 nCov）感染的肺炎疫情进入了一个严峻且复杂的局面,疫情防控和救治形势十分严峻。现对新型冠状病毒肺炎（NCP）病情演化规律的认识,疾病确切的发病机理,尤其是发生重症化的机理尚不完全清楚。本文从肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）分子通路的角度,以血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）靶点,探讨2019-nCov可能对NCP患者的心脏损害及对心血管疾病患者的危害。