Diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate among workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam manufacturing industry.

The diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was studied in 26 mixers from eight factories making polyurethane foam, who were exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and 26 unexposed controls matched for age, race, and smoking. They were all men. The mean diurnal variation in PEFR of the mixers was 6.2%, which was significantly higher than the 4.3% for controls. Six mixers had a diurnal variation of greater than 15% on at least one day compared with none among the controls. There was, however, no overt cause of occupational asthma. All but one of the 24 environmental samples taken exceeded the short term exposure limit of 0.02 ppm for TDI. This accounted for the high prevalence (50%) of irritative symptoms such as cough and eye irritation. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) was negatively correlated with duration of exposure to TDI. Foam workers may still have high exposure to TDI, high prevalence of irritative symptoms, increased diurnal variation in PEFR and evidence of chronic airway obstruction, particularly in those with greater than or equal to 10 years of exposure.     

缺血再灌流肾组织内皮素—1动态变化的实验研究

在大鼠肾缺血６０分钟再灌注的模型上观察不同时相肾静脉血、肾皮质、外髓和内髓的内皮素１（ＥＴ１）浓度变化，肾组织ＥＴ１光镜和电镜免疫组织化学变化。结果发现：缺血再灌流肾组织ＥＴ１基因表达及分泌明显增强，主要分布在血管内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞、系膜细胞、肾小管上皮细胞。其分布特点与细胞类型和活性有关。本实验结果提示了缺血再灌注肾内ＥＴ１的变化规律。     

Blood cholinesterase levels among agricultural workers in four Asian countries

In this study whole blood cholinesterase activities were determined (tintometric method) of agricultural pesticide users exposed to organophosphorus compounds in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Analysis of the data demonstrated a universal relationship between cholinesterase levels and the time between the last exposure to organophosphorus compounds and the day of blood collection for cholinesterase determination. It is suggested that it takes approximately 5 days before whole blood cholinesterase levels revert to their normal values. No relationship between whole blood cholinesterase levels and the sex of pesticide users was demonstrated except in Sri Lanka where female sprayers had lower values. It is suggested that these lower values are associated with the anaemic status of female agricultural workers. No relationship between whole blood cholinesterase level and age was demonstrated. The measurement of pre-exposure cholinesterase values is essential for comparison of values after pesticide application.     

Occupational health in Australia

Australia is a developed country in the Asia-Pacific Region with a large land area but a small population. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and manufacturing, with its service and high-technology industries being the fastest growing sectors in recent years. The regulation and enforcement of Occupational Health and Safety policies are mainly administered by the Industrial Relations Departments of eight State and Territory jurisdictions in the country. A National Occupational Health and Safety Commission coordinates occupational health and safety at the Commonwealth level. In 1987 the six occupational health and safety priorities in Australia were listed as occupational back pain, management of chemicals used at work, occupational noise-induced hearing loss, occupational skin disorders, occupational cancer and mechanical equipment injury. Australia has probably the highest incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the world, although the use of asbestos has been largely phased out. There was an almost explosive “epidemic” of repetition strain injury in the 1980s. Approximately 500 work-related fatalities and 10,000 work-related injuries are notified for workers' compensation every year. In addition, it is estimated that there are several thousand cases of work-related diseases every year, many of which go unreported. Occupational physicians undergo 4 years of specialisation training. Occupational hygienists, nurses and ergonomists receive training supervised by their respective professional organisations. Received: 2 March 1998 / Accepted: 10 March 1998     

构建肿瘤坏死因子-α免疫微球的实验研究

前瞻性构建肿瘤坏死因子-α免疫微球,以期为将来进一步研究能应用于特异性清除TNF-α的血液净化方法,奠定实验基础。采用以PSM为载体,依次包被PLL及rHTNF-αM cA b的方法而制备的免疫微球,分别以异硫氰酸荧光素标记,应用倒置显微镜及荧光显微镜观察、分光光度计测定等方法,探讨吸附微球的包被条件。结果显示,20℃、pH 9.5、60 m in三者为PLL包被PSM的最佳条件。包被后的洗脱液检测结果显示PLL含量无明显变化,说明PLL在PSM表面包被较为牢固。在相同温度及包被时间内,应用浓度为0.2%的戊二醛溶液进行的rHTNF-αM cA b对PLL的包被结合牢固。实验表明,所构建的肿瘤坏死因子-α免疫微球,达到了预期的目的,可以作为一种新颖的免疫吸附材料。该方法简单,价格便宜,为相关实验研究提供了一种崭新方法。     

一氧化氮供体对缺血再灌注肾脏ICAM-1表达的影响

目的 观察缺血再灌注后加用NO供体对肾脏ICAM-1表达及白细胞浸润的影响。方法 分别采用ICAM-1和整合素β2多克隆抗体，免疫组化方法观察加有NO供体后大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注24hICAM-1表达的变化及肾功能改变。结果 缺血再灌注24h大鼠肾脏ICAM-1及β2阳性细胞表达显著增强，以外髓直小血管，皮质肾小管外毛细血管较为明显，再灌注同时灌注NO供体SIN-1可显著抑制缺血再灌注后ICAM-1的表达增强，减少局部炎细胞浸润，改善肾功能，结论 NO供体可减少肾组织ICAM-1的表达及炎细胞浸润，发挥对急性缺血性肾衰的治疗作用。     

乙酰胆碱和5—羟色胺对日本血吸虫雄性成虫细胞电活动的影响

微电极细胞内记录技术应用于研究乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）和５—羟色胺（５—ＨＴ）对日本血吸虫雄性成虫皮层和肌细胞电活动的作用。实验结果显示：（１）Ａｃｈ对虫体机械活动和肌细胞（ｎ＝９６）电活动有明显抑制作用。阿托品能拮抗（Ａｃｍ）的作用，而使虫体活动和肌细胞电活动增强；（２）５—ＨＴ对虫体皮层细胞（ｎ＝１２３）和肌细胞（ｎ＝１０７）静息电位有去极化作用，去极化幅值为２—６ｍＶ，并能明显增强细胞放电频率。同时，也增强虫体活动度。赛庚啶能拮抗５—ＨＴ对虫体的作用；（３）虫体机械收缩活动与肌细胞放电频率成正比的关系。虫体细胞对Ａｃｈ和５—ＨＴ的作用具有明显量效反应。５—ＨＴ的作用与细胞膜Ｃａ２＋的流通有关。     

淋巴结血管内T细胞淋巴瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的　探讨血管内淋巴瘤 (IVL)的临床病理特征。方法　对 1例腹股沟淋巴结IVL临床、病理组织学及免疫表型进行观察分析并复习文献。结果　男性 31岁 ,不明原因高热伴消瘦 5 0天 ,右腹股沟直径 1cm淋巴结 1枚 ,B超示肝脏轻度增大 ,血LDH明显升高伴ESR及转氨酶轻度升高 ,外周血WBC 3 3× 10 7/L ,骨髓像、多种病原及各肿瘤相关抗原检测均无异常。病理活检 :腹股沟淋巴结大部分破坏 ,代之以大量扩张的中小血管 ,腔内充满大量异型淋巴样细胞 ,局部伴管壁、管周浸润并累及结外脂肪组织。瘤细胞免疫表型CD4 5、CD4 5RO、CD3阳性 ,CK、CD6 8、CD79α、CD2 0均阴性 ,血管壁及内皮细胞CD31、CD34阳性。行CHOP化疗后症状缓解 ,现仍在随访中。结论　IVL是一罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤 ,好发于中枢神经系统及皮肤 ,其他部位少见 ,绝大数为B细胞型 ,T型罕见 ,以浅表淋巴结活检确诊者尚无报道。临床表现有一定提示性 ,确诊靠组织病理学检查 ,部分病例对化疗敏感 ,但多数病例预后差     

鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖与凋亡关系

目的 了解鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖与产凋亡的关系及ｂｃｌ－２表达在此过程中的作用。方法 ６５例鼻咽癌活检组织及１５例癌旁组织用免疫组化技术检测ｂｃｌ－２和ＰＣＮＡ;ＨＥ染色中作核分裂计数,并将后两者合并为增殖指数;用原位末端标记法（ＩＳＥＬ法）显示４４例鼻咽及１５例癌旁组织中的细胞凋亡。结果 ①鼻咽癌ＰＣＮＡ、核分裂像数、凋亡细胞数均高于癌旁上皮组织,但与组织分型无关;增殖指数与凋亡细胞数呈正相关。②ｂ     

我院儿科门诊抗生素用药分析

目的:为了了解目前儿科门诊抗生素的使用情况,促进临床抗生素的合理使用,提供参考.方法:随机抽取2003年7月～9月门诊西药处方11703张,统计抗生素处方占处方总数的百分比,两种口服抗生素联合用药和两种注射抗生素联合用药方式,前10位两种注射抗生素联用品种以及前10位两种口服抗生素联用品种.结果:含有抗生素的处方占处方总数的64.75%,口服抗生素处方占含抗生素处方的34.99%,注射抗生素处方占含抗生素处方的65.01%.结论:抗生素使用率较高,剂量偏大,个别联合用药方式有的无理论根据,有的明显不合理,有的甚至属滥用.