金钱白花蛇及其混淆品的鉴别

从原动物形态、药材性状、显微特征及理化方面对金钱白花蛇（银环蛇Ｂｕｎｇａｒｕｓｍｕｌｔｉｃｉｎｃｔｕｓ）及其３种混淆品水赤链游蛇Ｎａｔｒｉｘａｎｍｕｌａｒｉｓ，赤链蛇Ｄｉｎｏｄｏｎｒｕｆｏｚｏｎａｔｕｍ，金环蛇Ｂ．ｆａｓ－ｃｉａｔｕｓ进行了对比鉴别。     

急性CO中毒患者MRI MRA表现

目的评价MRI、MRA对急性CO中毒的诊断及价值。方法回顾分析60例经临床确诊的急性CO中毒患者的头颅MRI、MRA资料。结果MRI异常表现为双侧苍白球、双侧侧脑室周围、脑干、脑叶为主的T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号;18.33%急性CO中毒患者伴发脑梗死,DWI为高信号,ADC为低信号。结论急性CO中毒的诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现和影像检查,头颅MRI、MRA对本病的诊断有一定的价值。     

福建省泉州市乡镇成年居民超重与肥胖流行病学调查

目的分析调查泉州市乡镇成年居民超重和肥胖流行现状,为制定卫生政策和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用2011年11月泉州市慢性非传染性疾病流行病学调查的资料,对1 071名18～85岁的泉州市常住乡镇成年居民进行超重和肥胖的流行状况进行分析。结果泉州市乡镇成年居民总的超重现患病率为30.6%,总的肥胖现患病率为6.7%,男性与女性超重肥胖率差别无统计学意义,男性超重肥胖率趋于年轻化,女性超重肥胖率以中年女性明显;经Logistic回归分析,超重肥胖患者的餐后血糖、甘油三酯、收缩压的发生风险增加,有统计学意义。结论泉州市乡镇成年人超重和肥胖的患病率高,必须采取有效的措施进行综合防治。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病脑干听觉诱发电位分析

对20例急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病患者的脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)进行了分析。结果表明,与正常对照组相比病例组峰间潜伏期无显著改变(P>0.05),依对照组年龄、性别建立的多元回归方程判断,3例患者表现有BAEP异常。提示BAEP检查在本病的诊断及脑干功能的判断上有一定的意义。     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells protect against injury in an innate murine model of chronic kidney disease

Studies of mechanisms of disease regulation by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) have been focused on their interaction with effector T cells; however, the possibility that regulation might involve noncognate cells has not been explored in detail. This study investigated the effect of CD4+CD25+ Treg on macrophage proinflammatory properties and phenotype in vitro and found that they modulate macrophages by inhibiting their activation, leading to reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and a downregulated effector phenotype. For testing the in vivo significance of this effect, CD4+CD25+ T cells that expressed high levels of Foxp3 were reconstituted into SCID mice after induction of Adriamycin nephropathy, a noncognate model of chronic renal disease. CD4+CD25+ T cells significantly reduced glomerular and interstitial injury. In addition, there was a significant fall in the number of macrophages in both the glomeruli and interstitium of SCID mice that were reconstituted with Treg as compared with the Adriamycin alone group. Blockade of TGF-beta using neutralizing antibodies significantly impaired the protective effect of Treg. These findings delineate a TGF-beta-dependent Treg-macrophage inhibitory interaction that can explain cognate-independent protection by Treg.     

Mechanisms of protective effect of 17β-estradiol on injuried dopaminergic neurons by 6-OHDA

目的:研究17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)对6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)所致的黑质多巴胺(DA)能神经细胞损伤作用的机制.方法:新生2～3d的SD雄性大鼠行常规中脑脑片培养,6-OHDA诱导损伤,脑片分为空白对照组、实验对照组(加6-OHDA,浓度为200 μmol/L)、17-E2组(加6-OHDA后再加浓度为10 9 mol/L 17β-E2).免疫荧光显色检测脑片中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达;免疫印迹检测脑片中TH、P-Akt、Bcl-2的表达.结果:17β-E2组中TH阳性神经细胞数量32.83±3.61与实验对照组16.67±2.42相比,差异有统计学意义.免疫印迹结果显示,与空白对照组相比,实验对照组中TH、磷酸化(P)-Akt和Bcl-2的表达量均降低;与实验对照组相比,17β-E2组中TH、P-Akt、Bcl-2的表达量升高.结论:17β-E2对DA能神经细胞的保护作用,可能由PI3-K/Akt信号通路介导并通过影响Akt下游的Bcl-2实现的.     

分离、纯化及鉴定肝细胞和免疫细胞分泌的HMGB1

目的:分离纯化肝细胞HepG2与免疫细胞U937分泌的高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB1),并加以鉴定.方法:体外培养人肝细胞HepG2与免疫细胞U937,采用400 ng/mL的脂多糖( lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激20 h后收集细胞...     

帕金森病患者的交感神经皮肤反应研究

目的:研究帕金森病(PD)患者的自主神经功能情况。方法:对40例PD患者和38例健康者分别进行了交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)测定,并将结果加以比较。结果:PD组SSR测定异常率为 75％(30／40),SSR波潜伏期明显延长,波幅降低,与对照组相比差异有显著意义(P<0．01)。结论:PD 患者存在一定的自主神经功能损害,SSR可作为判断PD患者的自主神经功能的参考指标。     

Influence of sea ice on Arctic precipitation

Global climate is influenced by the Arctic hydrologic cycle, which is, in part, regulated by sea ice through its control on evaporation and precipitation. However, the quantitative link between precipitation and sea ice extent is poorly constrained. Here we present observational evidence for the response of precipitation to sea ice reduction and assess the sensitivity of the response. Changes in the proportion of moisture sourced from the Arctic with sea ice change in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland Sea regions over the past two decades are inferred from annually averaged deuterium excess (d-excess) measurements from six sites. Other influences on the Arctic hydrologic cycle, such as the strength of meridional transport, are assessed using the North Atlantic Oscillation index. We find that the independent, direct effect of sea ice on the increase of the percentage of Arctic sourced moisture (or Arctic moisture proportion, AMP) is 18.2 ± 4.6% and 10.8 ± 3.6%/100,000 km² sea ice lost for each region, respectively, corresponding to increases of 10.9 ± 2.8% and 2.7 ± 1.1%/1 °C of warming in the vapor source regions. The moisture source changes likely result in increases of precipitation and changes in energy balance, creating significant uncertainty for climate predictions.There is increasing interest in the response of the Arctic hydrologic cycle to changing climate because of its potential to influence, or feedback to, future climate change. Modeling studies have identified enhanced transport of subtropical moisture to the Arctic as well as increased Arctic evaporation as potential mechanisms of augmentation of the water cycle (1–3). The enhanced hydrologic cycle may feedback to climate change either positively or negatively; both the sign and the magnitude are yet to be determined.Observational evidence for hydrological acceleration during the past few decades is limited. Direct measurement of precipitation is difficult in the Arctic because of its cold, windy environments (4). Despite these difficulties, increasing precipitation has been reported for some Arctic locations (5, 6), and it has been hypothesized that changes in sea ice extent may have significantly influenced precipitation both in the past (7) and today (8–10). We report a study of changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation to understand the larger-scale changes of the hydrologic cycle, focusing on moisture source changes. The objective of this work is to assess observationally the effect of sea ice and the moisture transport regime on Arctic precipitation from 1990 to 2012, using the isotopic composition of precipitation from six Arctic stations. In particular, we quantify how the fraction of the total Arctic precipitation that is sourced in the Arctic responds to the sea ice extent. We then use these empirically established sensitivities of precipitation isotope ratios to sea ice change to project potential future precipitation changes and to evaluate impacts of these changes on the energy balance.Our approach is based on the premise that Arctic precipitation is composed mostly of water from two marine evaporation regions or “moisture sources”—one subtropical and one local—and that the relative contributions of the two sources to the precipitation can be determined from the stable isotopic ratios of the precipitation. We partition the two proportions, using the precipitation deuterium excess (d-excess, defined as d = δD − 8δ¹⁸O, where δD and δ¹⁸O are the parts per thousand deviation of deuterium/hydrogen and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O atomic ratios, respectively, from those of the standard mean ocean water), which is an indicator of moisture source conditions, principally the sea surface temperature (SST) and relative humidity (RH) (11–13). Moisture from subtropical regions has high d-excess values, indicative of relatively high SST and low RH at the source, whereas locally evaporated Arctic moisture has low d-excess values (14), indicating low SST and high RH. We hypothesize that precipitation d-excess is positively associated with sea ice area as a consequence of increasing local evaporation and thus increasing proportion of Arctic-sourced moisture with reduction of sea ice.We use the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index as a proxy for general climate conditions to quantify effects that are independent of the sea ice influence on precipitation. Most importantly, the NAO is associated with the strength of meridional transport (15), which in turn affects precipitation d-excess by changing the proportion of subtropical moisture in the total precipitation. For example, if winds from the south strengthen, the proportion of moisture transported from the subtropics would increase, thus increasing the d-excess. In addition to meridional transport, the NAO also influences other variables, such as location of the subtropical moisture source region, temperature and humidity along the storm track, etc., all of which may affect the d-excess of precipitation. When holding the NAO constant (statistically), we also effectively remove the influences of these variables, achieving limited contamination to the signal of the direct precipitation–sea ice relationship.The six sites included in this work were from two regions, the Canadian Arctic (Alert, Eureka, and Cambridge Bay, Canada) and Greenland Sea (Reykjavìk, Iceland, Ny-Ålesend, Norway, and Danmarkshavn, Greenland) (Fig. 1). We consider all sites within a region to share similar local moisture sources. The Canadian Arctic sites receive most of their local moisture from Baffin Bay (16) and the Greenland Sea sites receive it from the Greenland Sea (17).Open in a separate windowFig. 1.Location of sites for monthly precipitation isotope ratio measurements. Shown are Canadian Arctic sites Alert, Eureka, and Cambridge Bay, Canada and Greenland Sea sites Reykjavìk, Iceland; Ny-Ålesend, Norway; and Danmarkshavn, Greenland. Local moisture sources Baffin Bay (BB) and Greenland Sea (GS) are labeled as well.     

痔科外洗方加快肛门病术后康复的疗效观察

目的 观察痔科外洗方对肛门病术后康复的疗效。方法 治疗组１０８例应用痔科外洗方与对照组３１例应用高锰酸钾坐浴进行对照观察。结果 治疗组病人术后肿胀、疼痛、出血等均较对照组轻,２组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 痔科外洗方确有消肿、止痛的作用,对加快肛门病术后康复疗效确切。