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Risk of transmission of HIV from surgeon to patient 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Heme inhibits human immunodeficiency virus 1 replication in cell cultures and enhances the antiviral effect of zidovudine. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Glenn A Pacio Paul Visintainer George Maguire Gary P Wormser John Raffalli Marisa A Montecalvo 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2003,24(4):246-250
OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and resistant gram-negative bacilli among long-term-care facility (LTCF) residents. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: A 355-bed LTCF with a ventilator unit and a subacute unit. PARTICIPANTS: Residents with colonization or infection with VRE, MRSA, or resistant gram-negative bacilli housed at the LTCF between December 1, 1999, and February 29, 2000. METHODS: Cultures of clinical and surveillance sites were performed at regular intervals. Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics associated with clearance of colonization. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to analyze the number of days to clearance of colonization. RESULTS: Forty-nine residents had 65 episodes of colonization (27 VRE, 30 MRSA, and 8 resistant gram-negative bacilli). Eighteen (28%) of the episodes cleared. The clearance rate was 2.7 episodes per 1,000 person-days. Clearance occurred significantly more often with resistant gram-negative bacilli colonization compared with VRE or MRSA colonization (6 [75%] vs 12 [21%]; P = .007; relative risk, 4.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 11.8). There was a trend toward longer use of antimicrobial agents among residents with persistent colonization. Infections occurred most frequently with MRSA. The urinary tract was the most common site of infection. CONCLUSION: Among LTCF residents, colonization with resistant gram-negative bacilli is four times more likely to clear than colonization with VRE or MRSA. Performance of surveillance cultures at regular intervals may reduce the need for contact precautions for LTCF residents with resistant gram-negative bacilli colonization. 相似文献
7.
Serum proteolytic activity was determined in galactosamine-treated rats and in controls. Injection of the hepatotoxin at a dose of 400 mg/kg resulted in a 3.4-fold elevation in the serum proteolytic activity, while AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and bilirubin were increased by factors of 3.9, 8.8 and 4.5, respectively. Studies with proteinase inhibitors revealed that the serum proteolytic activity was partially metal-dependent as well as puromycin and antipain sensitive. Differences in susceptibility to a combination of N-ethylmaleimide and antipain indicated presence of different proteolytic systems in the sera of liver damaged and control rats. Separation of serum proteinases by gel filtration showed that the galactosamine-intoxicated rat serum contained activity which did not appear in the control serum. This activity was partially metal dependent, antipain and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive, and was more susceptible to dithiothreitol than the control activity. These findings demonstrate that hepatocellular damage induced by galactosamine caused not only an increase in serum proteinases, but was also associated with the appearance of enzymes not normally released by the liver of untreated animals.Abbreviations AP
alkaline phosphatase
- TBil
total bilirubin
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- GGT
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
- BiAc
bile acids
- PrAm
primary amines
- ProAc
proteolytic activity 相似文献
8.
GP SCHWAB AL BLUM E BODNER B DALLEMAGNE K GLASER H KOOP F PACE W RÖSCH JR SIEWERT G WETSCHER 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(12):785-789
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. With the introduction of proton pump inhibitors medical treatment of GERD has been significantly improved. However, the development of laparoscopic antireflux surgery resulted in an increasing interest of surgeons in this disease. An interactive meeting was organized in order to develop an agreement between gastoenterologists and surgeons regarding therapeutic decisions and this is the main topic of this paper. 相似文献
9.
A simple method for the rapid screening of hepatotoxic agents is described. Liver slice systems were prepared from rats and mice, and incubated in Krebs-Ringer-Hepes medium with different concentrations of the test compounds. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by determination of liver enzymes in the slice medium. Enzyme leakage was dose- and time-dependent. Histopathological changes in the hepatotoxin-treated slices were well correlated with the extent of enzyme leakage. Species differences in susceptibility to various hepatotoxins could be easily detected by this in vitro system: the dose-toxicity curves revealed that the mouse is more vulnerable than the rat to acetaminophen and furosemide. These findings are well correlated with those of in vivo experiments. A preliminary study showed that, in the same species, the relative toxicities of various chemicals in the liver slice system were similar to those reported in vivo. In summary, these results on the tissue slice system are encouraging. However, much more work will have to be done before the system can be considered sufficiently well validated for routine use. 相似文献
10.
Augustine L. Moscatello Douglas L. Worden Robert B. Nadelman Gary Wormser Frank Lucente 《The Laryngoscope》1991,101(6):592-595
Lyme disease is a systemic illness caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the bite of a tick in the Iocodes ricinus complex. While the illness is often associated with a characteristic rash, erythema migrans, patients may also present with a variety of complaints in the absence of the rash. The otolaryngologist may be called upon to see both groups of patients, with any number of signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck, including headache, neck pain, odynophagia, cranial nerve palsy, head and neck dysesthesia, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, temporomandibular pain, lymphad-enopathy, and dysgeusia. We review our institutional experience with 266 patients with Lyme disease, 75% of whom experienced head and neck symptoms. We also summarize the diagnostic and treatment modalities for this illness. 相似文献