Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea on retinal microvascular function: a randomised controlled trial

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be of importance in the development of ocular vascular diseases....     

An intra-articular vascular malformation with a ganglion in a knee

We report a case of an intra-articular vascular malformation occurring simultaneously with a ganglion in a knee joint. We believe this to be the first reported case of an intra-articular vascular malformation occurring simultaneously with a ganglion. The malformation was cauterized resulting in resolution of knee pain. We suggest that vascular malformations be considered in the differential diagnosis of knee pain.     

Vesicular pityriasis rosea: response to erythromycin treatment

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a relatively common disease although its aetiology has not yet been identified. It occurs worldwide and there is no racial susceptibility factor. It usually affects teenagers and young adults between 10 and 35 years of age. Typical PR is much easier to diagnose than the rare atypical forms. We report a rare case of vesicular PR in a black woman who had vesicular lesions limited to her palms and soles in addition to regular typical lesions. We devised an efficient oral erythromycin treatment for this patient.     

Extramammary Paget's disease of the perineal skin: role of radiotherapy.

We have reviewed our treatment results in 65 patients with extramammary Paget's disease arising in the vulva, perianal area, or scrotum. In 30 patients with primary disease, positive surgical margins were found in 53%, and there was an actuarial local recurrence rate of 40% within 5 years. The median follow-up period for primary extramammary Paget's disease patients treated with surgery alone was 198 months, and none died of this disease. Three patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were without recurrence at 12, 21, and 60 months after 56 Gy of supervoltage x-rays. In 22 patients with extramammary Paget's disease and associated adnexal or rectal adenocarcinoma, nine treated with surgery alone had a 75% local control rate. Three patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy all had local control; of two patients treated with radiotherapy alone, one had persistent adenocarcinoma. The median survival for all patients with extramammary Paget's disease and adenocarcinoma was 22 months. We conclude that patients with extramammary Paget's disease have excellent survival but that local recurrence and morbidity from surgery, especially in the elderly, can be high. Radiotherapy greater than 50 Gy as primary treatment for extramammary Paget's disease in those medically unfit for surgery, or as an alternative to further surgery for recurrence after surgery and for anyone wishing to avoid mutilating surgery, is indicated. For those with adenocarcinoma and extramammary Paget's disease, the use of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy in doses greater than 55 Gy is indicated because of the high risk of local recurrence after surgery alone.     

Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning at a motel

One man died and four other persons required hospitalization following accidental exposure to carbon monoxide at a motel. In spite of prompt diagnosis of the index cases, a search for the source of exposure and for other possible victims was delayed more than ten hours. Subsequent investigation revealed that air conditioning units drew carbon monoxide from the gas heaters for the motel's indoor swimming pools into three adjacent guest rooms through structural defects in the walls. Emergency care providers must remember that in environmental exposures, other persons may continue to be at risk, and efforts must be made to identify them.     

环孢菌素A阻断人HL－60抗药性细胞于G_1期而诱导敏感细胞凋亡

进一步研究了抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞（ＨＲ２０）抗细胞凋亡的机制及该抗性和抗药性的关系。结果表明，环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）２０，１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，而阻断ＨＲ２０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，就不能诱导细胞发生凋亡。低浓度的ＣｓＡ明显增加柔红霉素在ＨＲ２０细胞内的积聚，其逆转抗药性作用与阻断细胞周期运行无关。ＣｓＡ１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）处理ＨＲ２０细胞，可引起５０ｋＤａ的蛋白质高度磷酸化。结果提示：环孢菌素Ａ阻断抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，而诱导敏感的ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，其阻断作用与抗药性无关     

Equine cytomegalovirus: Cultural characteristics and properties of viral DNA

Equine cytomegalovirus (equine herpesvirus type 2; ECMV) exhibited cultural characteristics typical of the cytomegalovirus group. Ninety-six to one hundred twenty hours were required to reach a maximum titer of 1 × 10⁷ PFU/ml in infected cells, from which no more than 50% of infectious virus produced was released into the supernatant fluid. Only cells of equine or rabbit origin were permissive for virus replication. Ultrastructural investigation of ECMV-infected cells revealed the presence of three types of intranuclear nucleocapsids (empty capsidc, capsidc with a cross-shaped, electron-lucent core, and mature capsidc with an electron-dense core). The mature capsids appeared to acquire their envelope at the nuclear membrane. Infected cells were characterized by nuclei containing marginated chromatin in a large, electron-dense inclusion substance. Viral DNA extracted and purified from virions, nucleocapsids, or infected cells (Hirt fractionation) demonstrated an average density of 1.716 g/cm³ which corresponds to a G+C content of 57.7%. Sedimentation analyses of ECMV DNA in neutral sucrose gradients using phage T4 and equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) DNA as markers indicated a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 61 S. Sedimentation in alkaline sucrose suggested that the ECMV genome is a non-cross-linked, double-stranded DNA, possibly possessing nonligated areas either within the sugar phosphate backbone of the molecule or within specific alkali-labile regions. Sedimentation analyses of ECMV DNA yielded a molecular weight of approximately 121 × 10⁶ which was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analyses which indicated a value of 126 × 10⁶ Determination of the number, size, and molarity of ECMVDNA fragments generated by digestion with restriction enzymes revealed that ECMV DNA differs markedly in molecular structure from the genome of EHV-1.