Foods and beverages in relation to urothelial cancer: Case-control study in Japan

BACKGROUND: The roles of several foods and beverages in the development of bladder cancer remain unclear. METHODS: We undertook a hospital-based case-control study at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Subjects included 124 men and women (bladder cancer cases) with newly diagnosed cancers of the renal pelvis (n = 5), ureter (n = 6) or bladder (n = 113) and 620 age- and sex-matched, cancer-free outpatients (controls) presenting at the hospital in the period from 1994 to 2000. Smoking-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated to assess the strength of associations between self-reported intake of foods or drinks and bladder cancer risk, using conditional logistic models. RESULTS: We found a decreased risk in relation to frequent intake of green-yellow vegetables; the OR for the highest intake score compared with the lowest was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.99). The OR for carrot intake of >/=5 times/week compared with 相似文献   

HUMAN OXYGENATION BY AIR DURING ANAESTHESIA: THE RELATION OF VENTILATORY VOLUME AND ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION

Ventilation and arterial oxygen saturation have been measuredin 18 patients during anaesthesia with ether or halothane carriedin air. All patients were ventilated artificially with a Jeffersonventilator at a frequency of 16 breaths per minute and variabletidal volume. Ventilation has been expressed as a percentageof Radford's standard, Nunn's standard and the patient's pre-operativeresting ventilation. 110 per cent of both Radford's and Nunn'sstandard ventilation and 98 per cent of the patient's own restingventilation were found to yield a mean arterial oxygen saturationof 95 per cent. Below this the mean saturation fell sharplywith decreasing ventilation. Cyanosis was never visible evenwith a saturation as low as 70 per cent, although desaturationwas evident in the colour of the arterial blood when sampled.