Sichere Lagekontrolle von Magensonden: ein oft unterschätztes Thema zur Vermeidung potenziell schwerwiegender Komplikationen

Die Anaesthesiologie - Die Anlage einer Magensonde im OP oder auf einer Intensivstation (ITS) stellt eine alltäglich durchgeführte Prozedur dar. Obwohl die Sonde häufig durch...     

Allergic contact dermatitis from phenylephrine in eyedrops.

Phenylephrine is widely used as an ophthalmic drug. However, there are only very few reports on allergic contact dermatitis induced by phenylephrine. In addition, little is known on cross reactivity patterns between the sympathomimetics phenylephrine, epinephrine and ephedrine which share a similar chemical structure. We report on a man who developed allergic contact dermatitis to Neosynerphin POS eyedrops containing phenylephrine hydrochloride. Cross reactivity between phenylephrine, epinephrine and ephedrine was studied by patch testing. Patch tests were performed with the European standard, an ophthalmics and preservatives series, Neosynerphin POS eyedrops, phenylephrine hydrochloride 10% aq., epinephrine and ephedrine (both 1.0 % aq.). Test sites were read after 48, 72 and 168 hours according to the recommendations of the ICDRG. Neosynerphin POS and phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 % aq. gave positive reactions, whereas epinephrine and ephedrine tested negative. Although phenylephrine is an epinephrine analog delayed type hypersensitivity to phenylephrine did not result in cross reactivity with chemically related epinephrine and ephedrine.     

Zeitschriften

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zeitschriften

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

In vivo effects of nifedipine and BAY 1 8201 on ceruletide induced gallbladder contraction

Studies in animals suggest that calcium channel blockers may influence gallbladder contraction. In order to study possible actions in man we examined by ultrasonography the effects of two dihydropyridine derivatives, i.e. nifedipine (20 mg p. o.) and BAY 1 8201 (100 mg p.o.) on ceruletide induced human gallbladder contraction in 9 healthy male volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, three fold crossover study (latin square design). Blood samples for the measurement of plasma drug concentrations were drawn before and at regular intervals up to 8 h after drug ingestion. Ceruletide decreased gallbladder volumes by 52.1 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- 1 SEM) after nifedipine, 53.1 +/- 8.1% after BAY 1 8201 and by 59.3 +/- 10.1% after placebo (NS). Peak plasma concentrations of 53.7 x/: 2.3 ng/ml (geometric mean x/: geometric standard deviation) and of 35.5 x/: 1.5 ng/ml were reached after oral application of nifedipine and BAY 1 8201, respectively. We conclude that human gallbladder contraction in response to ceruletide is not markedly influenced by dihydropyridine derivates in the dosages used in this study. The results reported here stress the importance of calcium released from intracellular stores for the contractility of smooth muscle in the human gallbladder.     

Ueber apoplectiforme (und epileptiforme) Anfälle in frühen Stadien oder im Verlauf der Tabes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Accidental Occupational Farm Fatalities in North Carolina: 1984 to 1988

Development of interventions to prevent accidental occupational fatalities requires the prior identification of those at risk and the circumstances surrounding the injuries. A survey of unintentional farm fatalities was conducted using medical examiner reports (RIME) and death certificates (MECD) to identify deaths due to agricultural occupational injuries in North Carolina from 1984 through 1988. Of 393 cases, 123 met the criteria "farmer" listed as occupation on the RIME/MECD and/or "victim" in a rural area performing a farming task when injured. A second aim of this study was to use an existing data base to achieve maximum accuracy in identifying true cases of work-related farm fatalities.
A fatality rate of 41/100,000 agricultural workers was found; the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health's National Traumatic Occupational Fatality study criteria would have identified only 57 percent of these. Victims were characterized as middle age (53 years), white (76%), male (100%), full-time farmers (65%). Injury occurred during harvest season on Monday or Tuesday (47%) between 2 and 6 p.m. (54%). Death was pronounced at the scene (74%), with probable cause listed as tractor (62%). Injury location and land elevation were also related, with the mountain region having twice the fatality rate as the coastal plains region.     

Ultraviolettes Licht und Entstehung der Hautkrebse

Ohne Zusammenfassung