Short-term outcomes of patients with neovascular exudative AMD: the effect of COVID-19 pandemic

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To estimate the impact of delayed care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the outcomes of patients with...     

Disabled and nondisabled infants' interactions with their mothers

This study investigated social interactions between infants and mothers, comparing dyads with physically disabled infants and dyads with nondisabled infants. The groups were matched on mental and motor development, sex, socioeconomic status, birth order, and maternal education. Each infant-mother dyad was videotaped at home during a 10-minute period of free play, and blind observers subsequently transcribed infants' and mothers' behaviors. In general, the groups were remarkably similar in their interaction patterns. However, a few differences emerged: Mothers of infants with physical disabilities were significantly more commanding than were comparison mothers. Nondisabled infants tended to engage in more eye contact than did infants with physical disabilities. And whereas mothers of nondisabled infants responded to interactive play with interactive play, mothers of infants with physical handicaps tended to respond with commands and verbalizations. These results suggest reciprocal influences between infants and mothers in both groups and highlight emerging maternal behavior patterns that may interfere with the development of communication and independence in handicapped young children.     

创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点、发病机制与治疗。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月～2005年6月年收治的17例迟发性脑肿胀患者的临床特点和救治情况。结果 所有颅脑损伤患者采用保守治疗后均有好转，但于伤后5-10d出现恶化，CT复查有脑肿胀，经加强综合脱水等治疗后16例治愈，1例死亡。结论 迟发性脑肿胀好发于对冲性额、颞叶挫裂伤伴明显蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下薄层血肿及早期CT有脑肿胀者。其发病机制可能与创伤后的迟发性脑血管痉挛、微循环障碍、静脉回流障碍及甘露醇作用下降等因素有关。此类患者病情隐蔽性强，应加强观察、积极行CT复查，如能早期明确诊断，保守治疗多数效果良好。     

Retrorenal colon: implications for percutaneous diskectomy

It has been recommended that computed tomography (CT) with the patient prone be performed in every patient undergoing percutaneous diskectomy; this would enable detection of a retrorenal location of the colon, which could interfere with the percutaneous procedure. In this evaluation of 346 prone CT studies, only one patient (0.29%) was found to have retrorenal or retropsoas bowel that would have been perforated at diskectomy. Because of this extremely low prevalence, the performance of prone CT in every patient undergoing percutaneous lumbar diskectomy is not believed to be necessary.     

NIFEDIPINE BLOCKS ACTH AND CORTISOL RELEASE IN MAN

1. The present study investigated the effect of prior administration of nifedipine on AVP-induced ACTH release in seven normal volunteers. Three protocols were used: 20 mg oral nifedipine; 0.14 pressor units intramuscular (i.m.) per kg bodyweight aqueous AVP; oral nifedipine plus i.m. AVP 90 min later. Plasma ACTH and cortisol were measured at intervals for 2.5 h during each test. 2. The mean peak plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and the mean peak changes from basal in these levels were significantly lower in the nifedipine/AVP test than in the AVP alone test. The integrated area under the cortisol time curve was significantly lower for the nifedipine/AVP test than that for the AVP test alone. Nifedipine alone caused no changes in ACTH or cortisol. 3. Acute administration of oral nifedipine caused an inhibition of AVP-stimulated ACTH and cortisol release in normal humans. This effect may be due to blockade of plasma membrane calcium channels normally activated during AVP stimulation of pituitary corticotrophs.