糖尿病妇科手术92例的围手术期处理

2002-01／2004-01Ⅱ型糖尿病(DM)妇科手术患92例，年龄31～73(平均53．4)岁．有明确DM病史53例．病程1／12～21(平均6．9)a，入院后新诊断的DM39例空腹血糖为5．9—18．0(平均9．6)mmol/L，餐后血糖为9．3—22．6(平均16．5)mmol/L，术前准备时间平均为6．4d，术后住院时间平均为11．4d，术前有并存症72例．随机抽取同期住院非DM妇科手术92例，年龄22～65(平均41．5)岁，     

The pressor response to substance P and hexapeptide [pGlu6]SP 6--11 injections into the cerebral ventricles in rats

Synthetic Substance P (SP_1–11) or hexapeptide, the pyroglutamic acid derivative of the C-terminal of Substance P (pGlu⁶)SP_6–11, were injected into the cerebral ventricles (i.c.v.) through cannulae implanted 8 days earlier or immediately before the injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Injected intraventricularly, in increasing doses from 500 fmol to 5 nmol, through cannulae implanted 8 days earlier, SP_1–11 increased, in all cases, the blood pressure recorded from the femoral artery of urethane-anaesthetized rats. The same doses of SP_1–11 injected through cannulae implanted immediately before the injection in most cases (n = 9) increased the blood pressure, but in one case decreased it. In doses of 15–500 pmol [pGlu⁶]SP_6–11 injected through cannulae implanted 8 days earlier or immediately before the injection increased the blood pressure in all cases. Repeated injections of (pGlu⁶)SP_6–11 (150 pmol i.c.v.) diminished the pressor response. This pressor response was not affected by cervical vagotomy but was significantly diminished by intraventricular injection of propranolol. This suggests that the arterial blood pressure responses are evoked by the action of (pGlu⁶)SP_6–11 on central receptors which are blocked by propranolol.     

Expression and characterization of Gag protein of HIV-1（CN） in Pichia pastoris

To express the core protein of HIV-1 of Chinese prevalent strain （HIV-1 （CN）） in Pichia pastoris, the fulllength gag gene was inserted into the secretory expression vector pHILS1. Linearized recombinant plasmid pHILGAG by Sail was electrotransformed into the yeast strain GS115, and the yeast transformants were identified by PCR. To induce the interest protein to be expressed, the PCR positive transformants were inoculated in the medium of BMGY and BMMY, mRNA of the strain was detected by RT-PCR, and the expressed protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and thin layer scanning. mRNA （1.3 kb） was amplified by RT-PCR. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that the molecular mass of the expressed protein was 55 kD, which was similar to the expected value, and the expressed protein could react with McAb to HIV-1 p24. Thin layer scanning analysis demonstrated that the whole amount of the expressed protein was approximately 13 % of the soluble protein in the supernatant. The recombinant yeast had good genetic stability. The optimal expression conditions of the engineering yeast were as follows： BMMY medium, 80-90% of dissolved oxygen, 1% methanol, and 3-day-cultivation course. Gag proteins were expressed under the optimal expression condition and purified via gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the interest protein was up to 85 %. After the purified proteins were inoculated into BALB/c mice, the anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the immunized mice could be detected by Western blotting.     

Analysis of Dietary Pattern Impact on Weight Status for Personalised Nutrition through On-Line Advice: The Food4Me Spanish Cohort

Obesity prevalence is increasing. The management of this condition requires a detailed analysis of the global risk factors in order to develop personalised advice. This study is aimed to identify current dietary patterns and habits in Spanish population interested in personalised nutrition and investigate associations with weight status. Self-reported dietary and anthropometrical data from the Spanish participants in the Food4Me study, were used in a multidimensional exploratory analysis to define specific dietary profiles. Two opposing factors were obtained according to food groups’ intake: Factor 1 characterised by a more frequent consumption of traditionally considered unhealthy foods; and Factor 2, where the consumption of “Mediterranean diet” foods was prevalent. Factor 1 showed a direct relationship with BMI (β = 0.226; r² = 0.259; p < 0.001), while the association with Factor 2 was inverse (β = −0.037; r² = 0.230; p = 0.348). A total of four categories were defined (Prudent, Healthy, Western, and Compensatory) through classification of the sample in higher or lower adherence to each factor and combining the possibilities. Western and Compensatory dietary patterns, which were characterized by high-density foods consumption, showed positive associations with overweight prevalence. Further analysis showed that prevention of overweight must focus on limiting the intake of known deleterious foods rather than exclusively enhance healthy products.     

Assessing Long-Term Impact of Dietary Interventions on Occurrence of Symptoms Consistent with Hypoglycemia in Patients without Diabetes: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: A well-balanced nutritional diet pattern has a significant role in the management of diet-related disorders. Currently, there are no specific dietary guidelines to refer to when advising non-diabetic patients with symptoms attributed to hypoglycemia in the postprandial period or patients with confirmed reactive hypoglycemia (RH). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the dietary interventions, and their sustained outcome, on the severity of hypoglycemic-like symptoms occurring in non-diabetic patients. Methods: The study group included forty non-diabetic individuals with symptoms consistent with RH. At the baseline, each patient underwent RH diagnosis and complex dietary evaluation. Over a period of six months, each patient had four appointments with a dietitian. Two sessions were focused on a dietary education about low glycemic index diet (LGID) and Mediterranean diet (MD). The said diets were to be followed for a period of three months, with two additional dietary check-ups. Once dietary supervision was completed, patients had no imposed dietary patterns. The final follow-up appointment took place twelve months later and that is when each patient underwent a detailed assessment of their current dietary habits and evaluation of the frequency of symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the severity in eight out of the ten analyzed hypoglycemic-like symptoms after the dietary interventions. The most significant change was observed in the following symptoms: hunger (η² = 0.66), impaired concentration (η² = 0.61), hand tremor (η² = 0.55), and fatigue (η² = 0.51). The outcomes were comparable for both recommended diets, the LGID and the MD. The reduction in hypoglycemic-like symptoms continued after the twelve-month period. The individualized dietary counselling significantly improved the patients’ eating habits in comparison to those present prior to intervention in terms of healthy diet index (F_(2,78) = 27.30, p < 0.001, η² = 0.41, 90%CI [0.26; 0.51]) and unhealthy diet index (F_(2,78) = 433.39, p < 0.001, η² = 0.91, 90%CI [0.89; 0.93]). Conclusions: Healthy modifications in dietary habits may improve patient’s well-being and reduce the severity of their postprandial symptoms attributed to hypoglycemia. Therefore, dietary intervention focused on appropriate nutritional management combined with follow-up consultations may be a beneficial step towards comprehensive treatment of non-diabetic patients who present with hypoglycemic-like symptoms in the postprandial period.     

Clinical and familial study of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Objective　To explore the characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods　Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 34 members of three families were studied. All patients and family members underwent history collection, clinical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) and a signal averaging electrocardiogram. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in five patients. Results　All patients and family members had normal morphologic characteristics and normal function of the left ventricular by 2-DE. Fourteen persons had abnormal findings indicating ARVC. Five had enlargement of the right ventricular with diffused hypocontractility, eight had thin and systolic bulging in the focal anterior wall with hypokinesia and one had bulging of the inferior wall. Twenty-five persons (seven patients and 18 family members) had abnormal findings in ECG. Positive ventricular late potential was recorded in 13 persons (six patients). Two to three monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) configurations were induced in five patients. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in two patients during the electrophysiologic study (EPS). Five patients had very high pacing threshold and/or ineffective pacing in one or many regions of the right ventricle. Two members of one family died suddenly. One member was a dwarf with ARVC. Spontaneous VT with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) configuration was recorded in five patients, polymorphic VT with extremely short coupling interval in one, and premature ventricular complexes with LBBB configuration in 12 (six patients). Conclusion　Our familial study strongly suggests that ARVC may be a hereditary disease and it is helpful in the diagnosis and detection of ARVC. The most common manifestations were abnormal structure and function of the right ventricle and abnormal ECG of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia which originates from the right ventricle.     

The activity of Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling

In the light of issues discussed during 24th Session of Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling that was held in Budapest, 18-22 November 2002, the current activity of this Committee is presented. More detailed information about some of the most advanced or interesting documents is included, i. e. Proposed Draft General Guidelines On Sampling, Harmonized IUPAC Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis, Consideration of methods for the detection and identification of food derived from biotechnology.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脑死亡状态巴马小型猪肾脏结构、功能与核转录因子κB表达的影响

目的：观察核转录因子κB活性抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脑死亡状态下巴马小型猪肾脏结构、功能与核转录因子κB mRNA其蛋白表达的影响，以期提高脑死亡供肾的肾移植效果。方法：实验于2003—08／2004—12在河南省实验动物中心及河南省病理学重点实验室完成。①实验分组及方法：将15只巴马小型猪按随机数字表法分为3组（n=5），即脑死亡组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸组及对照组。脑死亡组和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组均应用改进的缓慢间断颅内加压法建立脑死亡模型，脑死亡组不行药物干预；N-乙酰半胱氨酸组分别于初次确认脑死亡后1h，12h给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸。对照组动物麻醉后仅行开颅与开关腹手术。②实验评估：分别于首次判定脑死亡后3，6，12，18和24h检测动物血清中尿素氮、肌酐、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α水平。于脑死亡后3，6，12及24h开腹取相同部位肾组织，苏木精-伊红染色后观察肾组织结构变化，应用免疫组化染色观察核转录因子κB蛋白的表达水平，应用反转录-聚合酶链反应法检测核转录因子κB mRNA动态变化。结果：15只猪均进入结果分析。①自首次判定脑死亡后12h开始，脑死亡组和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组尿素氮和肌酐水平逐渐升高（P〈0．05），相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组（P〈0．05）。②自首次判定脑死亡3h开始，脑死亡组及N-乙酰半胱氨酸组白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α逐渐升高（P〈0．05），相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组（P〈0．05）。③自脑死亡后3h开始，脑死亡组及N-乙酰半胱氨酸组肾组织NF-κB mRNA其蛋白表达水平逐渐升高（P〈0．05），相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组（P〈0．05）。④N-乙酰半胱氨酸组和脑死亡组动物脑死亡后12h可见肾脏结构变化，N-乙酰半胱氨酸组变化程度明显轻于脑死亡组。结论：N-乙酰半胱氨酸可能通过抑制核转录因子κB mRNA其蛋白的表达，减少炎症介质的释放，从而保护脑死亡状态下肾脏的功能及结构，提高脑死亡供肾肾移植效果。