黑柴胡中新三萜皂甙的结构鉴定

从黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff)根中分离出10个化合物,均为首次由该植物中获得。其中二个新三萜皂甙,即柴胡皂甙k和l(saikosaponin k and l),其结构经紫外、红外、核磁共振氢谱,碳谱和质谱等波谱测定和解析,分别确定为3β,16β,23,28-四羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃呋糖甙和3β,16α,23,28,30-五羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃呋糖甙。     

Recombinant human interleukin-11 stimulates multilineage hematopoietic recovery in mice after a myelosuppressive regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a novel multifunctional hematopoietic cytokine capable of stimulating cells of the myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages in vitro. We have tested the pleiotropic properties of this cytokine on the hematopoietic recovery of mice after a combined regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin administration. This regimen results in severe myelosuppression, characterized by a prolonged period of thrombocytopenia and severe anemia. Administration of recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11; 250 micrograms/kg/d) had multilineage effects on bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic activity, increasing the number of megakaryocyte, erythroid, granulocyte, and macrophage progenitors compared with the vehicle-treated controls. This was reflected in the peripheral circulation by a reduction of both the platelet and hematocrit nadirs and a significantly reduced period of thrombocytopenia and anemia in the rhIL-11-treated mice. The results from this study support the broad spectrum of biologic activities that have been attributed to rhIL-11 in vitro and suggest that this cytokine may be an effective agent in the treatment of myelosuppression associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.     

异硫氰酸荧光素标记动态观察天花粉蛋白对黑色素瘤B16细胞的损伤

目的:应用异硫氰酸荧光素标记天花粉蛋白,在激光共聚焦显微镜下直接观察天花粉蛋白进入黑色素瘤B16细胞的动态过程并分析其对黑色瘤B16细胞的损伤作用。方法:实验于2003-08/2004-08在南通大学神经再生重点实验室完成。将常规传代培养的黑色素瘤B16细胞用胰酶消化,以5×109个/L的浓度种植于24孔培养板。将天花粉蛋白、异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白、异硫氰酸荧光素-牛血清白蛋白分别加入培养细胞中,终浓度为50mg/L,同时加入等量生理盐水作为正常对照组,每组再分别设3,6,12h不同孵育时间组。异硫氰酸荧光素标记天花粉蛋白后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白进入细胞的过程及其荧光强度,CCK-8细胞毒性实验评估各组细胞存活率、并用单细胞凝胶电泳及hoechst33258染核观察天花粉蛋白对黑色素瘤B16细胞致DNA损伤作用。结果:①终浓度50mg/L的异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白孵育3h时已经进入黑色素瘤细胞,6h时进入细胞量达到最高,12h时已轻度下降,各时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白组与异硫氰酸荧光素-牛血清白蛋白组荧光强度差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②终浓度50mg/L异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白、天花粉蛋白孵育黑色素瘤细胞3,6h后利用单细胞电泳和Hoechst33258染色未观察到核形态的变化;但孵育6h后CCK-8细胞毒性实验显示活细胞数量明显下降;孵育12h后出现DNA损伤的特征性彗星尾现象,并观察到明显的核浓缩和边集现象,出现特征性凋亡小体。结论:孵育6h时天花粉蛋白进入细胞量最多,但并没有明显的细胞DNA损伤的作用,而孵育12h时产生明显的细胞毒作用和凋亡的发生。     

Usefulness of coronary flow reserve immediately after primary coronary stenting in predicting wall motion recovery in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

This study examined whether coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured immediately after primary coronary stenting could predict wall motion recovery in patients who have acute myocardial infarction. CFR significantly correlated with the change of wall motion score (r = 0.68, p <0.0001), and the optimal cut-off value of CFR for predicting wall motion recovery was 1.4 (sensitivity 85%, specificity 94%).     

Methods of early detection： would clinical breastexamination and breast ultrasonography be a good alternative to mammography？

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women[1].In the past 40 years,breast cancer incidence has doubled or even tripled in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan; whereas it is about 20% to 30% in China and India in the past decade[2-4]. An increasing incidence rate of 3%     

Rosenthal fibers and glial filaments associated with hemidesmosome-like structures in perivascular astrocytes in a juvenile form of Alexander's disease

We present a rare case of Alexander's disease occurring in a 10–year-old girl with convulsive seizures. She initially developed gait disturbance and thereafter deteriorated mentally. At 48 years of age she died of cumulative convulsive seizures. The postmortem examination revealed a generalized and focally pronounced deposition of Rosenthal fibers in the deep cerebral white matter around the lateral ventricles. Atypical fibrillary glia, diffuse patchy demyelination and circumscribed cystic necrosis were also observed. An electron microscopic examination of the cerebral white matter revealed not only irregular, densely osmiophilic bodies merging in places with glial filaments, but also well-developed hemidesmosomes associated with anchorage densities in the perivascular astrocytes. The subplasmalemmal anchorage densities usually received glial fibrils, which were frequently intermingled with Rosenthal fibers. Thus, our case can be added to the small number of previously reported cases demonstrating a juvenile form of Alexander's disease based on both clinicopathologic features and on ultrastructural appearance, and our case also confirms the profound involvement of astrocytes.     

Accidents following extradural analgesia in children. The results of a retrospective study

A retrospective multicentre study of the complications observed after regional anaesthesia in children was undertaken in 1991 at the request of the association of Anesthésistes-Réanimateurs Pédiatriques d'Expression Française (ADARPEF). The incidence of accidents seen in the study was comparable to that found in the literature. Five cases which were exceptional due to the severity of the sequelae have been analysed separately. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed.     

Comparative studies of the anti-leishmanial activity of three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crotalus durissus</Emphasis> ssp. venoms

In this study, we compared the anti-leishmanial activity of three crotalic venoms (Crotalus durissus terrificus–Cdt, Crotalus durissus cascavella–Cdca, and Crotalus durissus collilineatus–Cdcol). Different concentrations of each venom incubated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes were used. Cdt venom exhibited a higher anti-leishmanial activity (Inhibitory concentration-IC50-value of 4.70 ± 1.72 μg/ml) in comparison with that of Cdca venom (IC50 value of 9.41 ± 1.21 μg/ml), while Cdcol venom increased parasite numbers in 50% at a concentration of 44.30 ± 2.18 μg/ml. In addition, this venom showed a low anti-leishmanial activity in higher concentrations (IC50 value of 281.00 ± 9.50 μg/ml). The main fractions of Cdca venom were isolated and assayed under similar conditions used for assessing crude venom. The most active fractions were gyroxin and crotamine that had IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.52 μg/ml and 19.95 ± 4.21 μg/ml, respectively. Convulxin also inhibited parasite growth rate, although this effect was not dose-dependent. Crotoxin was the least effective fraction with an IC50 value of 99.80 ± 2.21 μg/ml. None of the protein fractions presented cytotoxic effects against J774 cells in culture. In vivo assays using BALB/c mice revealed that crotoxin and crotamine were the main toxic fractions. In conclusion, C. durissus cascavella venom has three main fractions with anti-leishmanial activity. These results open new possibilities to find proteins that might be used as possible agents against cutaneous leishmaniasis.