全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1020篇 |
免费 | 37篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 6篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 99篇 |
口腔科学 | 49篇 |
临床医学 | 72篇 |
内科学 | 269篇 |
皮肤病学 | 13篇 |
神经病学 | 37篇 |
特种医学 | 21篇 |
外科学 | 278篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 16篇 |
眼科学 | 20篇 |
药学 | 70篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 102篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 51篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 77篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 61篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 50篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1068条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
We examined intrarenal localization of receptors for alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-rANP) by injecting [125I]-labeled ligand in vivo into the rat aorta. We found that the receptors for alpha-rANP are distributed also on the vasa recta of the outer and inner medulla in addition to the previously reported sites, i.e., the renal arteries, renal pelvis, glomeruli, and inner medullary tissues including collecting tubules. In the vascular bundle of the outer medulla, the majority of grains was preferentially localized on the arterial vasa recta. The electron microscopic autoradiography of the glomerulus showed that the binding sites were mainly localized on the foot process of the podocyte. Since alpha-rANP injected into the aorta under physiological conditions was bound to the glomerulus and vasa recta in the kidney, the effect of ANP on these binding sites may be important in the mechanism of natriuresis. 相似文献
3.
T. Koseki Y. Benno Y. J. Zhang-Koseki M. Umeda I. Ishikawa 《Oral microbiology and immunology》1996,11(3):203-208
Selected media were compared for primary isolation and detection of oral treponemes from clinical samples. Forty-eight subgingival plaque samples from 45 patients suffering from periodontitis were anaerobically cultivated for 2 weeks at 37°C. Of the 9 media studied, Medium 10 (M10), which was supplemented with 10% rabbit serum and incubated using the plate-in-bottle method, supported the highest colony-forming units of the anaerobes. The treponemal colonies were detected at least on one medium from 83% of the subgingival plaque samples. The new oral spirochete medium in an anaerobic chamber supported the highest detection frequency of the oral treponemes (64% of samples); however, M10 in the plate-in-bottle was found to produce the highest colony-forming unit recovery of the oral treponemes (median 3.6% of the total colony-forming units). This study suggests that M10 in the plate-in-bottle and new oral spirochete medium in the anaerobic chamber are essential in cultivating oral treponemes. 相似文献
4.
M Iyo T Yamasaki H Fukuda O Inoue K Suzuki H Shinotoh T Ito H Yonezawa M Nishio A Koseki 《Kaku igaku. The Japanese journal of nuclear medicine》1989,26(2):213-220
The effect of aging on 11C-N-methylspiperone binding to living human striatum was demonstrated using positron emission tomography. The 11 normal volunteers (22 to 72 years old) participated in this study. The uptake of 11C-N-methylspiperone in the brain following intravenous injection was highest in the striatum in individual subject. And the uptake in the striatum only gradually increased until the end of the study. The uptake of 11C-N-methylspiperone in cerebellum peaked within 10 minutes following injection and then rapidly dropped. The association rate constant "k3" was calculated from the slope of the radioactivity-ratio of striatum to cerebellum versus the equivalent time. The equivalent time was calculated from the radioactivity of cerebellum as an input function. The exponential decrease of the k3 value with aging was observed. The k3 value of the youngest subject (22 years old, male) was 0.035/min, while that of the oldest one (72 years old, male) was found to be 0.020/min. These data suggested that the dopaminergic activity through D2 dopamine receptors reduces with aging in human striatum. 相似文献
5.
Mervyn Israel Trevor W. Sweatman Ramakrishnan Seshadri Yoshihiro Koseki 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1989,25(3):177-183
Summary
N-Benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 198) is a new lipophilic adriamycin (ADR) analogue that shows marked therapeutic superiority to ADR in murine tumor model systems yet differs mechanistically from ADR in a number of ways. Among its other properties, AD 198 produces a delayed but profound effect on cell-cycle progression and a pattern of continuing DNA damage in cultured cells briefly exposed to the drug. Using radiolabeled drug forms and radioassays combined with HPLC separation and fluorimetric detection techniques, aspects of drug accumulation, biotransformation, and retention in cultured human CEM leukemic lymphocytes were studied, in part to determine a possible pharmacologic basis for the latent effects seen with this drug. In addition, the cellular pharmacology of AD 198 and ADR were comparatively examined under identical experimental conditions. When CEM cells were incubated with drug at equi-growth inhibitory/minimally cytotoxic concentrations (AD 198, 1.0 M; ADR, 0.1 M), a number of differences were apparent. Under conditions of continuous 24-h drug exposure, a slow cellular accumulation and equilibration was observed with ADR (cell: medium equilibrium, 1:11 after 4–6 h), whereas the uptake of AD 198 was rapid and extensive (cell: medium equilibrium, 3:1 within 30 min). In drug-retention studies, when cells were pretreated at the same drug concentrations as before (AD 198 for 1 h; ADR for 4 h) and then transferred to drug-free media, both compounds re-equilibrated their intracellular drug content with the fresh media, losing about 50% of their respective anthracycline levels. Liquid chromatographic analysis of ADR-treated cultures under both sets of conditions showed the parent drug to be the only intracellular anthracycline species, whereas analysis of AD 198-treated cultures revealed two fluorescent signals corresponding to the parent drug and its 14-deesterified biotransformation product,N-benzyladriamycin (AD 288). Levels of AD 288 rose from 2% of the total intracellular anthracycline content immediately on drug admixture to 61% following 24 h continuous drug exposure and to 69% at 24 h in cells exposed to drug for 1 h and then continued in drug-free media for 24 h. At all times, the balance of the intracellular anthracycline fluorescence was attributable to the parent drug; no ADR was detectable in AD 198-treated cells by either fluorescence detection or radioassay. Thus, AD 198 is not a prodrug form of ADR, and the in vitro effects of this agent, including the latent effects on cell-cycle inhibition and DNA damage seen in cells following short-term drug exposure, can be explained on the basis of the high levels of active parent drug and biotransformation product that accumulate and persist in the cells.Abbreviations ADR
adriamycin (doxorubicin)
- AD 198
N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate
- AD 288
N-benzyladriamycin
- AD 32
N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate
- AD 143
N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-0-hemiadipate
- AD 41
N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin
- [14C]-AD 198
[benzyl]--methylene-14C]-N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate
- [14C]-ADR
[14-14C]-adriamycin
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- S-MEM
Eagle's minimum essential medium for suspension culture
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) 相似文献
6.
Conserved tRNA gene cluster in starfish mitochondrial DNA 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Howard T. Jacobs Shuichi Asakawa Takeyoshi Araki Kin-ichiro Miura Michael J. Smith Kimitsuna Watanabe 《Current genetics》1989,15(3):193-206
Summary Partial sequencing of mtDNA from four long-diverged species of starfish reveals the existence of a conserved cluster of 13 tRNA genes, organized in a manner similar to that of the tRNA cluster of sea urchin mtDNA, but located at a position distant from the presumed replication origin. These findings suggest that a clustered organization of tRNA genes may have been present in the ancestral mitochondrial genome, and raise the possibility that tRNAs may have catalyzed the dispersal rather than the accumulation of the genes which encode them. 相似文献
7.
TCR repertoire in early fetal mouse thymus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ohki-Hamazaki Hiroko; Makino Yasuhiko; Kanno Masamoto; Koseki Haruhiko; Akasaka Takeshi; Taniguchi Masaru 《International immunology》1995,7(3):493-499
We investigated the rearrangement and expression of TCR genesin mouse fetal thymus organ culture, a system that avoids subsequententry of hematopoietic precursor cells. The first observablerearranged TCR gene was homogeneous V2-J2, detectable as earlyas fetal day 11 (d11) in the thymic primordla. The productiveTCR was homogeneous V5-J1, first detectable in d13 thymocytes,followed by adult-type TCR (V4 and V7). Sequence analysis ofTCR revealed five types of V-J junctional sequences. In thevery early stage, a homogeneous V-J junction is generated viaa short homology sequence in the coding region (Type I), whilea short homology sequence in the P-nucleotlde rather than thecoding region is used in the following stage (Type II). In thelater embryonic stages, diverse V-J junctions are generatedby well-known mechanisms, such as P-nucleotide (Type III), N-regioninsertion (Type IV) or trimming of the coding ends (Type V).These findings suggest that the generation of homogeneous TCR (V2 and V5) in the early fetal stages is due to the intrinsicrearrangement mechanisms and is in stage specific manner. 相似文献
8.
9.
Hayashi M Ueda Y Yamaguchi T Sohma R Shibazaki M Ohkura T Inaba N 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2005,53(3):113-119
PROBLEM: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is present in human placental and uterine cells at the early and late stages of gestation and promotes the regulation of trophoblast growth and invasion. We evaluated whether TNF-alpha levels in the placenta and blood of pre-eclamptic women differed from those with normal pregnancies. METHOD OF STUDY: The subjects were 39 pregnant women carrying single fetuses (21 normal-pregnant and 18 pre-eclamptic patients). Their average gestational age at entry was 38-39 weeks. Peripheral blood was collected before the onset of labor and separated serum was stored at -20 degrees C. A tissue segment of the placenta was cut and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after delivery at -80 degrees C. The frozen placental tissue was added to phosphate-buffered saline. The tissue was fully homogenized and centrifuged. Separated supernatant was stored at -80 degrees C. TNF-alpha levels in separated serum and TNF-alpha and total protein (TP) levels in separated supernatant were measured. The presence of TNF-alpha in the placenta was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in five pre-eclamptic and five normal-pregnant patients. RESULTS: Serum TNF-alpha levels were higher in pre-eclampsia than in normal pregnancies. However, TNF-alpha/TP levels in the placenta did not differ significantly between the two groups. As for TNF-alpha immunostaining of trophoblastic cells in the placenta, it was weak in three and moderate in two of the normal pregnancies, while it was absent in two, weak in one, and moderate in two in the pre-eclampsia group. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated no significant increase in TNF-alpha/TP levels in the placenta in pre-eclampsia despite a significant increase in serum TNF-alpha levels. There was no strong immunostaining for TNF-alpha detected by immunohistochemistry in the pre-eclampsia group. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha in the placenta is not a key cytokine to interfere with normal trophoblast invasion into the myometrium in pre-eclampsia, and that sources other than the placenta may contribute to the elevated levels of TNF-alpha found in the circulation of pre-eclamptic patients. 相似文献
10.
Chikao Yutani Masami Imakita Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda Michiaki Katsuragi Takao Yoshioka Takeyoshi Kunieda 《Pathology international》1993,43(3):135-141
Three cases of pulmonary hypertension caused by tumor emboli to the lungs are described. Two of the three cases had a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism until surgical embolectomy, and the other had a diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension. Autopsy disclosed chondrosarcoma, choriocarcinoma and gastric cancer as the primary tumors, respectively. Pulmonary vascular obstruction due to tumor embolism leading to pulmonary hypertension is a previously rare clinical entity, and obstructed pulmonary vessels are believed to tend to be small vessels. We compared the autopsy and radiological findings and concluded that pulmonary tumor embolism involved not only the small peripheral arteries but also the segmental and/or lobar arteries. 相似文献