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1.
W. Nörenberg Ernst Schöffel Bela Szabo Klaus Starke 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1997,356(2):159-165
The aim of the study was to subclassify the soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat by means of antagonists. To this end, the frequency of spontaneous action
potentials was recorded extracellularly from single LC neurones in brain slices. The neurones fired spontaneously at an average
rate of 1 Hz. The selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-quinoxaline (UK 14,304) and noradrenaline decreased the action potential
discharge with IC50 values of 5 and 510 nM, respectively. The concentration-inhibition curves of UK 14,304 and noradrenaline were shifted to the
right by phentolamine (0.15 μM) and rauwolscine (0.15 μM) but not by prazosin (1 μM). Apparent K
d values of phentolamine were 17 nM (against UK 14,304) and 20 nM (against noradrenaline). Apparent K
d values of rauwolscine were 47 nM (against UK 14,304) and 70 nM (against noradrenaline). (+)-Oxaprotiline (1 μM) suppressed
the firing of the neurones within 10 to 33 min. In the continued presence of oxaprotiline, phentolamine and rauwolscine restored
firing with EC50 values of 120 and 250 nM, respectively. Prazosin (1 μM) again was ineffective. All three antagonist affinity estimates –
against UK 14,304, exogenous noradrenaline and endogenous noradrenaline (that accumulates in the extracellular space in the
presence of oxaprotiline) – yield an affinity order phentolamine > rauwolscine >> prazosin, prazosin being ineffective even
at a concentration of 1 μM. These findings identify the soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors of the LC as the rat variant of the α2A/D-adrenoceptor, i.e. α2D. Not only presynaptic but also soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors may at least predominantly be α2A/D throughout the nervous system.
Received: 3 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 April 1997 相似文献
2.
CM Reid M. Nelson P. Beckinsale P. Ryan LMH Wing LJ Beilin MA Brown GLR Jennings CI Johnston J. Marley JJ McNeil TO Morgan J. Shaw ID Steven MJ West 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1997,24(5):370-373
1. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a 5 year cardiovascular outcome trial of the treatment of 6000 elderly hypertensive patients in Australian general practices. 2. General practitioners (GPs) were invited to participate by mail and personal follow-up. Patient records were reviewed to identify subjects for a blood pressure (BP) screening programme. Blood pressure was measured on three occasions and eligible subjects were included if the average BP was 160 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic if systolic BP was 140 mmHg. 3. Seven hundred and forty-one GPs were approached and 89 were enrolled in the study (12% of mail invites and 75% of those receiving a personal contact). In 16 practices where screening was completed, 82 000 records were reviewed to identify 4% patients eligible for screening. Twenty-two per cent of eligible subjects attended screening. Of 1938 subjects screened, 180 (9%) had BP 5=160/90 mmHg. Forty-seven percent of subjects (n = 916) were receiving antihypertensive therapy and 184 (20%) were withdrawn from therapy. One hundred and sixteen (63%) of these subjects had BP return to study entry levels within 6 weeks. Fifty-seven newly diagnosed and 81 previously treated subjects were randomized (7% of the screened population). 4. Based on the high participation rate of GPs, the response rate of patients to attend a BP screening programme and the 7% randomization to screening ratio for entry into the study, the ANBP2 pilot study has demonstrated that it is feasible to recruit subjects from Australian general practices to a cardiovascular outcome trial. 相似文献
3.
Seventy-six patients with severely comminuted distal radial fractures were treated at two institutions, of which the overwhelming majority were Frykman class VIII. Fifteen fractures were open. Thirty patients were seen at the University Hospital; 17 had pins and plaster and 13 had external fixation. Forty-six patients were seen at Kaiser Hospital; all had pins and plaster treatment. The complication rate for those with pins and plaster at the University Hospital was 53%; the complication for external fixation rate was 62%. The affiliated-hospital complication rate was 52%. All patients with ipsilateral forearm shaft and carpal fractures developed a nonunion of the carpal fracture. Few patients maintained anatomic reduction, and many had significant intra-articular malalignment. External fixation with threaded half pins did not obviate pin problems in our series. These methods may help manage severely comminuted distal radial fractures, but complications should be anticipated and alternative treatment considered, especially when ipsilateral carpal or forearm shaft fractures are present. 相似文献
4.
An 89-year-old woman developed an acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to hemarthrosis associated with pigmented villonodular synovitis of the wrist. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is rare in a patient of this age and is an unusual cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. 相似文献
5.
Comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal radius 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The comminuted intraarticular fracture of the distal radius requires early, accurate reduction of the articular surfaces and sustained restoration of anatomic position. The most commonly employed methods are pins and plaster, external fixation, percutaneous pinning, and open reduction and internal fixation. There are pitfalls, advantages, and disadvantages inherent in each method. Careful preoperative analysis of individual patients and fractures determines the therapeutic options. 相似文献
6.
O. Reerink N. H. Mulder† B. G. Szabo W. J. Sluiter† T. Wiggers‡ A. H. H. Bongaerts§ G. A. P. Hospers† 《Colorectal disease》2004,6(6):406-417
Abstract The treatment options for primary irresectable rectal cancers are discussed. Assessment of tumour stage is the first step for an appropriate choice of treatment. Following a diagnosis of rectal cancer, a vast array of diagnostic procedures is available to determine its stage, and thereby its best treatment options. From the many (new) diagnostic options the merits and drawbacks are discussed. If a diagnosis of irresectability is made, further treatment options should include radiotherapy in most cases, some aspects of timing and application, i.e. intra-operative treatment are discussed. Chemotherapy options are manifold, the results are discussed and some new options are explored. 相似文献
7.
Comminuted distal radius fractures. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R M Szabo 《The Orthopedic clinics of North America》1992,23(1):1-6
Comminuted displaced fractures of the distal end of the radius pose a significant treatment challenge. The goal of treatment is to restore functional, painless motion of the wrist and fingers. Although satisfactory results correlate to a large extent with obtaining and maintaining normal anatomy, excessive distraction and a flexed wrist position with external fixation cause more harm than good, even if the anatomy is restored. 相似文献
8.
肌病肾病代谢综合征治疗进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肌病肾病代谢综合征是急性动脉阻塞致骨骼肌溶解的严重并发症。积极治疗原发病,及早补液扩容、碱化尿液、早期血液净化治疗是降低截肢率、病死率的关键。本文就肌病肾病代谢综合征治疗进展作一综述。 相似文献
9.
肝尾状叶由于解剖位置特殊,位置深,难以显露,手术难度大,是肝脏外科领域手术操作的难点与研究热点.随着肝血流控制技术的发展、肝实质离断技术的提高,肝尾状叶肿瘤切除率明显提高[1].2006年4月至2008年10月,我科完成单独肝尾状叶血管瘤切除术9例,现将手术技巧与疗效报道如下. 相似文献
10.
A Czeizel M Kovács P Kiss K Méhes L Szabo E Oláh G Kosztolányi G Szemere H Kovács G Fekete 《Genetic epidemiology》1988,5(3):183-202
A population-based study of 7,049 index patients with multiple congenital abnormalities (MCA) born in Hungary during 1973-1982 was organized by the Hungarian Center for Congenital Anomaly Control. All clinically recognized syndromes and associations which were submitted (2,049) were accepted without any further follow-up. New or supplementary information was requested in the case of unspecified MCA (320). A copy of detailed necropsy records was requested from pathologists in lethal cases (2,022). Following these steps, apparent but not true instances of MCA were excluded (399), and an attempt was made to assign as many of the remainder as possible in 17 well-delineated MCA entities (900). The living index patients with severe MCA were referred where possible to the regional centers for evaluation (864). One hundred and seventy entities were identified, and seven cases were excluded as not representing MCA. In the so-called 3,393 unidentified cases for which no diagnosis was possible, the component abnormalities were tabulated according to their number. The final count was 6,643 cases with MCA, which is equivalent to a birth prevalence of 4.0 per 1,000 total births, and to 10% of recorded cases with congenital anomalies. As a result of this program the proportion of recognized syndromes and associations among children with MCA increased from 29% to 47%. The accuracy of diagnoses has improved, e.g., the occurrence of unspecified cases decreased from 4.5% to 2%. As a result of this study, the number of chromosomal (1,700), Mendelian (557), and teratogenic (104) syndromes and associations (758) was considerably greater than the initial notifications indicated. 相似文献