棉尘及吸烟对肺功能影响的观察

对８３名接触棉尘的健康者作肺功能测定，并与３９名不接触棉尘的健康者对照。其中男性均为吸烟者；女性均为不吸烟者。结果表明，ＭＭＥＦ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ２５％～７５％均明显低于对照组（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）．在男性吸烟组，ＶＣ，ＭＢＣ，ＦＥＶ１％也有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），作者认为棉尘对人体的危害主要部位在小气道，吸烟者因损害严重可累及大气道。以往对棉尘反应的肺功能评估仅以ＦＥＶ１％为指标，不能反映早期的变化，有必要进一步完善。     

Influence of Adrenal Glands on the Modulation of Prolactin Gene Expression by the Endogenous Benzodiazepine Ligand Octadecaneuropeptide in the Male Rat Pituitary Gland

Recently, an 86-amino acid polypeptide with high affinity for diazepam binding sites, termed diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), has been found in the rat brain. DBI, as well as a peptide derived from DBI, the octadecaneuropeptide DBI[33–50] (ODN), interacts with the GABA_A receptor complex. To investigate the role of these endogenous ligands for GABA_A receptors on prolactin gene expression, we studied the effects of acute intracerebroventricular administration (4  h before sacrifice) of ODN on prolactin mRNA levels in the male rat. Because, in some neuropeptidergic systems, glucocorticoids play a role in the response to ODN, we also studied the influence of adrenal glands and the effect of dexamethasone administration in the response of prolactin gene expression to ODN. ODN injection produced an increase in prolactin mRNA levels. Adrenalectomy performed 5 days before sacrifice resulted in an increase in prolactin gene expression and also potentiated the stimulating effect of ODN. Because castration has been shown to decrease prolactin gene expression in the male rat, we used castrated and adrenalectomized animals to study the role of dexamethasone in the response of lactotrophs to ODN. In these steroid-deprived animals, dexamethasone treatment (for 4 days) decreased prolactin mRNA levels but did not modify the response to ODN. These data indicate that an endogenous neuropeptide interacting with the GABA_A receptor complex can stimulate prolactin gene expression and suggest that the adrenal glands may produce factor(s) capable of decreasing prolactin mRNA. On the other hand, it does not appear that glucocorticoid hormones play a role in the effect of ODN on lactotroph activity.     

8-Br-cAMP对肺癌NSCLC-3细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的:观察8-Br-cAMP对人肺癌NSCLC-3细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响.方法:将体外培育的NSCLC-3细胞分为实验组和对照组,采用原位杂交方法观察8-Br-cAMP对NSCLC-3细胞c-myc、bcl-2基因表达的影响.结果:8-Br-cAMP处理后的实验组较未加8-Br-cAMP的对照组c-myc、bcl-2基因表达降低(P＜0.01).结论:8-Br-cAMP可下调与NSCLC-3细胞凋亡相关的c-myc、bcl-2基因表达.     

子宫颈癌和子宫颈上皮内瘤变患者生命质量及相关因素分析

目的探讨宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者的生命质量及其影响因素。方法采用宫颈癌患者生命质量测评量表（FACT-Cx）和自制问卷调查表对227例宫颈癌和CIN患者的生命质量及相关影响因素进行分析。结果宫颈癌和CIN患者FACT-G评分为（93.95±12.16）分,FACT-Cx评分为（143.78±16.19）分。生命质量评分在年龄、分期、是否放化疗比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。logistic回归分析提示,诊断时分期越晚,采用放化疗患者的总体生命质量评分越低。年龄小、采用放化疗、诊断时分期晚的宫颈癌患者的其他忧虑（特异模块）评分低（P〈0.05）。结论临床分期和治疗方法是影响生命质量的重要因素,早期诊断宫颈癌、提高临床治疗效果对于宫颈癌患者的生命质量有帮助。     

论数字农业与中药农业

20世纪末,国际上形成了数字农业的概念,以3S技术（遥成（RS）技术、地理信息系统（GIS）技术和全球定位系统（GPS）技术）为基础的数字农业预示着21世纪的农业将呈现出一个以数字化为特征的崭新面貌。它将对农业资源环境、生产状况、气象和生物性灾害等进行有效预测,指导人们根据各种变异情况实时实地采取相应的农事操作。本文概述数字农业的含义和技术体系,阐述数字农业在中药农业中的作用,及其对中药农业发展的影响。     

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in Chinese population: a clinicopathological and radiological analysis

Background: Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is a rare malignant neoplasm with remarkable resemblance to mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. It constitutes a unique set of patient population. In this study we briefly discussed the current state of knowledge of PMEC and described the clinical presentation and management of 27 PMEC cases. This study aimed to discuss the utility of surgical treatment in the patients with pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively studied 27 cases with the diagnosis of PMEC, divided into low grade and high grade based on histopathological characteristics. The clinical symptoms, radiological manifestations, pathological characteristics, treatment strategy and prognosis were systemically analyzed. Results: The tumor could occur in any lobe of the lungs. The treatment included surgical intervention and/or adjuvant therapies. While the sex-age distribution and initial staging was not different between low- and high- grade PMEC, the disease control rate (95%) and 5 year survival (95%) were much higher in low-grade PMEC than the high-grade cases (57.1% and 42.9%, respectively). Conclusion: The clinical, radiographical and pathological features of PMECs were systemically analyzed and summarized, and the utility of pathological grading system as the independent prognostic factor in addition to clinical staging was confirmed.     

Brain structural changes and their correlation with vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients： a voxel-based morphometric study

Voxel-based morphometry has been used in the study of alterations in brain structure in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. These changes are associated with clinical indices. The age at onset, pathogenesis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus are different from those for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus may have different impacts on brain structure. Only a few studies of the alterations in brain structure in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using voxel-based morphometry have been conducted, with inconsistent results. We detected subtle changes in the brain structure of 23 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the total volume of gray and white matter of the brain of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and that in controls. Regional atrophy of gray matter mainly occurred in the right temporal and left occipital cortex, while regional atrophy of white matter involved the right temporal lobe and the right cerebellar hemisphere. The ankle-brachial index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus strongly correlated with the volume of brain regions in the default mode network. The ankle-brachial index, followed by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, most strongly correlated with the volume of gray matter in the right temporal lobe. These data suggest that voxel-based morphometry could detect small structural changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early macrovascular atherosclerosis may play a crucial role in subtle brain atro- phy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with chronic hyperglycemia playing a lesser role.     

针对快速序列视觉呈现脑电信号的时空混合特征提取方法

快速序列视觉呈现脑机接口（RSVP-BCI）是目前基于人脑对目标进行早期发现任务中最为常用的技术,该技术能够获取人脑对环境的快速感知。脑电信号（EEG）具有非平稳和信噪比较低的特点,因此在单次试验中准确解码大脑活动较为困难。为解决RSVP-BCI技术中单次试验分类准确率不高的问题,本文提出一种基于时空域混合特征提取的新方法。该方法充分考虑大脑活动的时空模式,分别在时域和空域采用主成分分析（PCA）和共空间模式（CSP）对EEG信号进行特征提取,构成时空混合CSP-PCA(STHCP)方法,通过时域、空域两次特征提取最大化目标类与非目标类之间的判别距离,有效地降低特征维数。STHCP的单试次解码曲线下面积（AUC）较三种基准算法[空间加权费希尔（Fisher）线性判决-PCA(SWFP)、CSP及PCA算法]分别提高了17.9%、22.2%及29.2%,为利用RSVP-BCI技术进行快速高效的目标检测提供了新方法。     

支气管哮喘患者血浆肾上腺髓质素的质量浓度及临床意义

目的　探讨支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )患者血浆肾上腺髓质素 (ADM)的质量浓度变化及其临床意义。方法　用放射免疫分析法测定 2 3例哮喘急性发作期患者和 18例缓解期患者血浆ADM质量浓度 ,并与动脉血氧分压 [Pa(O2 ) ]及 1秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比 (FEV1 % )进行相关分析。 2 0例健康人为正常对照组。结果　哮喘急性发作期组血浆ADM质量浓度 [( 2 8 73± 7 12 )ng L]高于缓解组 [( 13 85± 4 48)ng L ,P <0 0 1]和正常对照组 [( 11 78± 4 2 9)ng L ,P <0 0 1],并与 Pa(O2 )及FEV1 %呈负相关 ( r=- 0 5 5 ,P <0 0 1,r=- 0 63 ,P<0 0 1)。哮喘缓解期组血浆ADM质量浓度与Pa(O2 )及FEV1 %无显著相关性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　ADM可能参与了哮喘的急性发作和炎症反应过程     

藏药“蒂达”的名称与品种考证

采用文献考证与实地调查相结合的方法,对常用藏药材"蒂达"的名称、品种分类及其基原进行了考证和整理.结果表明,"蒂达"的名称、品种和基原极为复杂混乱,是导致其缺乏和难以制定药材质量控制标准的关键制约因素.类似状况在民族药中普遍存在,反映出了对民族药进行品种整理的必要性和迫切性.由于古代文献对于药物基原的形态描述往往较为简单,多数情况下仅根据文献考证难以准确确定其基原,在进行民族药品种整理时,还应"尊古不泥古",注重古今药材品种、基原的历史变迁和现实资源、临床使用状况的调查,并积极借鉴现代化学、生物活性评价等的研究成果,既继承民族医药的特色与优势,又推动其现代化发展.