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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A. Trovato S. Kirjavainen E. M. Galati A. M. Forestieri L. Iauk 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》1995,9(8):591-593
The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia. 相似文献
2.
Teemu Rinne Siiri Kirjavainen Oili Salonen Alexander Degerman Xiaojian Kang David L. Woods Kimmo Alho 《Neuroscience letters》2007
We used behavioral measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the effects of parametrically varied task-irrelevant pitch changes in attended sounds on loudness-discrimination performance and brain activity in cortical surface maps. Ten subjects discriminated tone loudness in sequences that also included infrequent task-irrelevant pitch changes. Consistent with results of previous studies, the task-irrelevant pitch changes impaired performance in the loudness discrimination task. Auditory stimulation, attention-enhanced processing of sounds and motor responding during the loudness discrimination task activated supratemporal (auditory cortex) and inferior parietal areas bilaterally and left-hemisphere (contralateral to the hand used for responding) motor areas. Large pitch changes were associated with right hemisphere supratemporal activations as well as widespread bilateral activations in the frontal lobe and along the intraparietal sulcus. Loudness discrimination and distracting pitch changes activated common areas in the right supratemporal gyrus, left medial frontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, and left inferior parietal cortex. 相似文献
3.
Rice JP Hartz SM Agrawal A Almasy L Bennett S Breslau N Bucholz KK Doheny KF Edenberg HJ Goate AM Hesselbrock V Howells WB Johnson EO Kramer J Krueger RF Kuperman S Laurie C Manolio TA Neuman RJ Nurnberger JI Porjesz B Pugh E Ramos EM Saccone N Saccone S Schuckit M Bierut LJ;the GENEVA Consortium 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2012,107(11):2019-2028
AIMS: Nicotine dependence is a highly heritable disorder associated with severe medical morbidity and mortality. Recent meta-analyses have found novel genetic loci associated with cigarettes per day (CPD), a proxy for nicotine dependence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of phenotype definition (i.e. CPD versus Fagerstr?m Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score as a measure of nicotine dependence) on genome-wide association studies of nicotine dependence. DESIGN: Genome-wide association study. SETTING: Community sample. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3365 subjects who had smoked at least one cigarette were selected from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). Of the participants, 2267 were European Americans, 999 were African Americans. MEASUREMENTS: Nicotine dependence defined by FTCD score ≥4, CPD. FINDINGS: The genetic locus most strongly associated with nicotine dependence was rs1451240 on chromosome 8 in the region of CHRNB3 [odds ratio (OR)?=?0.65, P?=?2.4?×?10(-8) ]. This association was further strengthened in a meta-analysis with a previously published data set (combined P?=?6.7?×?10(-16) , total n?=?4200). When CPD was used as an alternate phenotype, the association no longer reached genome-wide significance (β?=?-0.08, P?=?0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Daily cigarette consumption and the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence show different associations with polymorphisms in genetic loci. 相似文献
4.
Salla Lahdenpohja Thomas Keller Sarita Forsback Tapio Viljanen Esa Kokkomäki Riikka V. Kivelä Jörgen Bergman Olof Solin Anna K. Kirjavainen 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2020,63(9):408-418
Here, we describe the development of an in-house-built device for the fully automated multistep synthesis of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor imaging tracer (3R,5R)-5-(3-([18F]fluoromethoxy-d2)phenyl)-3-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one ([18F]FMPEP-d2), following good manufacturing practices. The device is interfaced to a HPLC and a sterile filtration unit in a clean room hot cell. The synthesis involves the nucleophilic 18F-fluorination of an alkylating agent and its GC purification, the subsequent 18F-fluoroalkylation of a precursor molecule, the semipreparative HPLC purification of the 18F-fluoroalkylated product, and its formulation for injection. We have optimized the duration and temperature of the 18F-fluoroalkylation reaction and addressed the radiochemical stability of the formulated product. During the past 5 years (2013–2018), we have performed a total of 149 syntheses for clinical use with a 90% success rate. The activity yield of the formulated product has been 1.0 ± 0.4 GBq starting from 11 ± 2 GBq and the molar activity 600 ± 300 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. 相似文献
5.
Diana H. Taft Zachery T. Lewis Nhu Nguyen Steve Ho Chad Masarweh Vanessa Dunne-Castagna Daniel J. Tancredi M. Nazmul Huda Charles B. Stephensen Katie Hinde Erika von Mutius Pirkka V. Kirjavainen Jean-Charles Dalphin Roger Lauener Josef Riedler Jennifer T. Smilowitz J. Bruce German Ardythe L. Morrow David A. Mills 《Nutrients》2022,14(7)
Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in breastfed infants around the world to consider the potential impact of a historic dietary shift on the disappearance of B. longum subsp. infantis in some populations. Across populations, three distinct patterns of Bifidobacterium colonization emerged: (1) The dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, (2) prevalent Bifidobacterium of multiple species, and (3) the frequent absence of any Bifidobacterium. These patterns appear related to a country’s history of breastfeeding, with infants in countries with historically high rates of long-duration breastfeeding more likely to be colonized by B. longum subspecies infantis compared with infants in countries with histories of shorter-duration breastfeeding. In addition, the timing of infant colonization with B. longum subsp. infantis is consistent with horizontal transmission of this subspecies, rather than the vertical transmission previously reported for other Bifidobacterium species. These findings highlight the need to consider historical and cultural influences on the prevalence of gut commensals and the need to understand epidemiological transmission patterns of Bifidobacterium and other major commensals. 相似文献
6.
Sophie Nicklaus Amandine Divaret‐Chauveau Marie‐Laure Chardon Caroline Roduit Vincent Kaulek Ela Ksiazek Marie‐Laure Dalphin Anne M. Karvonen Pirkka Kirjavainen Juha Pekkanen Roger Lauener Elisabeth Schmausser‐Hechfellner Harald Renz Charlotte Braun‐Fahrlnder Josef Riedler Dominique A. Vuitton Erika Von Mutius Jean‐Charles Dalphin 《Allergy》2019,74(4):788-798
7.
To study the relation between sodium transport in airway epithelium and postnatal pulmonary adaptation, we measured nasal potential difference at 1 to 4 hours and lung compliance at 21 to 48 hours after birth in 20 healthy infants. Sodium transport correlated with lung compliance ( r 2 = 0.40, P < .003). Airway sodium transport plays a role in postnatal pulmonary adaptation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Kalliomäki M Kirjavainen P Eerola E Kero P Salminen S Isolauri E 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2001,107(1):129-134
BACKGROUND: Improved hygiene has altered early microbial exposure by reducing childhood infections, which has been suggested as a cause for the continuously rising prevalence of atopic diseases. On the basis of both intensity and timing of stimulus, it has been hypothesized that exposure to commensal microflora may represent another key protective modulator of immunity against atopy and subsequent atopic diseases. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate whether differences in early gut microflora precede the later development of atopic sensitization. METHODS: Intestinal microflora from 76 infants at high risk of atopic diseases were analyzed at 3 weeks and 3 months of age by using conventional bacterial cultivation and 2 culture-independent methods, gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial cellular fatty acids and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of bacterial cells. Infants evincing at least one positive skin prick reaction at 12 months were grouped as atopic subjects, and those without positive reactions were grouped as nonatopic subjects. RESULTS: Atopic sensitization was observed in 22 (29%) of 76 children. At 3 weeks, the bacterial cellular fatty acid profile in fecal samples differed significantly between infants in whom atopy was and was not developing (P =.005). By using fluorescence in situ hydridization, atopic subjects had more clostridia (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]: 9.3 x 10(7) [3.8-22.9 x 10(7)] vs 3.3 x 10(7) [1.8-6.1 x 10(7)], P =.04) and tended to have fewer bifidobacteria (1.8 x 10(9) [0.4-7.6 x 10(9)] vs 6.1 x 10(9) [2.5-14.6 x 10(9)], P =.11) in their stools than nonatopic subjects, resulting in a reduced ratio of bifidobacteria to clostridia (P =.03). The differences were not detected by bacterial cultivation. CONCLUSION: Differences in the neonatal gut microflora precede the development of atopy, suggesting a crucial role of the balance of indigenous intestinal bacteria for the maturation of human immunity to a nonatopic mode. 相似文献
10.
Background and objective: Activated bronchial epithelial cells exert considerable potential to maintain a microenvironment in the airway wall that promotes airway inflammation and remodelling. Cysteinyl leucotrienes (CysLT) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) are both increased in asthmatic airways and may influence the pathophysiology of disease. However, the consequences of activation of bronchial epithelial cells by these mediators are not fully understood. A proteomic‐based approach was used to characterize the inflammatory pathways in bronchial epithelial cells after stimulation with CysLT and TGF‐β1. Methods: Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) were stimulated with 1 ng/mL TGF‐β1 and 50 nmol/L leucotriene E4 (LTE4) for 48 h and whole‐cell lysates were subjected to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins showing statistically significant differential expression were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and database searching. Results: Stimulation with LTE4 increased the expression of three proteins and five proteins showed decreased expression. Of the latter group, two were definitively identified as heat shock protein (Hsp90α) and stress‐70 protein. Hsp90α forms a heterocomplex with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and a significant decrease in GR following LTE4 stimulation was confirmed. TGF‐β1 downregulated 18 intracellular proteins, including lamin A/C, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, protein DJ‐1, voltage‐dependent calcium channel gamma‐7 subunit, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 and stress‐70 protein. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that by downregulating GR and Hsp90α, CysLT may interfere with the action of glucocorticoids. Overall, the results confirm the complex role of bronchial epithelium in aspects of airway inflammation and remodelling. 相似文献