全文获取类型
收费全文 | 609篇 |
免费 | 33篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 55篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 79篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 74篇 |
内科学 | 142篇 |
皮肤病学 | 21篇 |
神经病学 | 2篇 |
特种医学 | 139篇 |
外科学 | 16篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 6篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 65篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有644条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Anton A. Semenistyy Elena A. Litvina EA Anna G. Fedotova Chukwuweike Gwam Andrey N. Mironov 《Injury》2019,50(2):515-520
Background
Intramedullary nailing is considered a “gold standard” for treatment of tibial shaft fractures. However, some types of fractures are typically considered as “difficult for nailing”. This group includes the periarticular fractures, fractures of both bones at the same level, comminuted and segmental fractures of the tibia. Fixator-assisted nailing (FAN) is an effective method treatment of these types of fractures. The main requirements for the ideal reduction device are an ease of its installation and an ability of multiplanar fracture reduction. Fixator-assisted nailing (FAN) with the use of two perpendicular to each other monolateral tubular frames perfectly meets these requirements. In this study we present this new surgical technique and the analysis of first 30 cases.Methods
A prospective analysis was conducted for 30 patients with “difficult for nailing” tibial fractures treated with fixator-assisted nailing in our institution between September 1st, 2017, and March 1st, 2018. The duration of surgery and its different stages, the time of fluoroscopy, difficulties encountered during surgery, were analyzed. Clinical and radiological methods were used to evaluated reduction quality.Results
In all 30 cases the acceptable reduction was achieved. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 73.7?±?3?min. The mean duration of fluoroscopy 85.9?±?4.8?s. In 7 cases we faced with technical difficulties, which were successfully addressed.Conclusion
The described technique of FAN is an effective method for the treatment of “difficult for nailing” tibial fractures. Future multi-centered studies with a larger number of patients are needed to validate our results. 相似文献2.
3.
4.
5.
Solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: CT criteria 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Kuhlman JE; Fishman EK; Kuhajda FP; Meziane MM; Khouri NF; Zerhouni EA; Siegelman SS 《Radiology》1988,167(2):379-382
The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 30 patients with solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were reviewed. Common features at CT included the peripheral or subpleural location of a pulmonary mass (25 cases), pseudocavitation (18 cases), heterogeneous attenuation (17 cases), irregular margins forming a star pattern (22 cases), and pleural tags (21 cases). Using these CT criteria, four independent observers attempted to identify cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from a larger sample of lung cancers and benign lesions by categorizing a series of test cases into four probability categories. Although the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were correctly ranked in the two highest probability categories 75% of the time (in 45 of 60 cases), there was considerable overlap with other lung lesions, particularly with adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. However, even though the typical features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma are not invariable or highly specific, they are characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis. 相似文献
6.
Regulation of synoviocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion by the p53 tumor suppressor gene. 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
K. R. Aupperle D. L. Boyle M. Hendrix E. A. Seftor N. J. Zvaifler M. Barbosa G. S. Firestein 《The American journal of pathology》1998,152(4):1091-1098
Recent studies show that 1) the p53 tumor suppressor protein is overexpressed by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and 2) somatic mutations previously identified in human tumors are present in RA synovium and FLS. We have hypothesized that abnormalities in p53 can contribute to chronic destructive RA synovitis. To understand the functional consequences of p53 abnormalities in FLS, RA and normal FLS expressing wild-type p53 were transduced with a retroviral vector encoding the human papilloma virus 18 E6 gene, which inactivates endogenous p53 protein. Three RA and one normal FLS lines were infected with recombinant retrovirus encoding the neomycin resistance gene (neo) or E6+neo. FLS proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion was studied in E6, neo, and uninfected parental strains (PS). The growth rate for E6 was significantly increased with a sixfold increase in cell number after 7 days compared with a twofold to threefold increase in neo and PS. When FLS were treated with cytokines, proliferative response of E6, neo, and PS to interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta were similar. However, response to platelet-derived growth factor was significantly greater in E6 FLS compared with neo or PS. Apoptosis was studied by incubating FLS with sodium nitroprusside as a source of nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide for 8 hours and examining DNA fragmentation and E6 cells were significantly less susceptible to cell death. In addition, E6 FLS were more invasive into cartilage extracts than neo or PS using an in vitro cell invasion assay. These data suggest that p53 is a critical regulator of FLS proliferation, apoptosis, and invasiveness. Abnormalities of p53 function might contribute to synovial lining expansion and joint destruction in RA. 相似文献
7.
8.
Berbaum KS; el-Khoury GY; Franken EA Jr; Kathol M; Montgomery WJ; Hesson W 《Radiology》1988,168(2):507-511
The effect of knowledge of localizing symptoms and signs in the detection of fractures was studied. Forty radiographs of the extremities were examined twice by seven radiologists; the sessions were separated by 4 months. In 26 cases, a subtle fracture was present; 14 cases were normal. In half of the cases at each session, the precise location of pain, tenderness, or swelling was provided. The observer was asked to determine if the case was normal or abnormal (provide the exact location of the fracture) and to indicate the degree of confidence in the diagnosis. Responses were converted to a numeric scale for analysis. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic parameters indicates that clues regarding location of trauma facilitate detection of fractures. The improvement is based largely on an increased true-positive rate without an increased false-positive rate, regardless of the decision criteria of the radiologist (overall willingness to "overread" or "underread"). This has direct clinical applicability and reinforces the plea of radiologists for precise clinical information. 相似文献
9.
10.
Molecular determinants of human uveal melanoma invasion and metastasis 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Seftor EA Meltzer PS Kirschmann DA Pe'er J Maniotis AJ Trent JM Folberg R Hendrix MJ 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2002,19(3):233-246
The molecular analysis of cancer has benefited tremendously from the sequencing of the human genome integrated with the science
of bioinformatics. Microarray analysis technology has the potential to classify tumors based on the differential expression
of genes. In the current study, a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach was utilized to study the molecular determinants
of human uveal melanoma invasion and metastasis. Uveal melanoma is considered the most common primary intraocular cancer in
adults, resulting in the death of approximately 50% of patients affected. Unfortunately, at the time of diagnosis, many patients
already harbor microscopic metastases, thus underscoring a critical need to identify prognostic markers indicative of metastatic
potential. The investigative strategy consisted of isolating highly invasive vs. poorly invasive uveal melanoma cells from
a heterogeneous tumor derived from cells that had metastasized from the eye to the liver. The heterogeneous tissue explant
MUM-2 led to the derivation of two clonal cell lines: MUM-2B and MUM-2C. Further morphological and functional analyses revealed
that the MUM-2B cells were epithelioid, interconverted (expressing mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes) highly invasive,
and demonstrated vasculogenic mimicry. The MUM-2C cells were spindle-like, expressed only a vimentin mesenchymal phenotype,
poorly invasive, and were incapable of vasculogenic mimicry. The molecular analysis of the MUM-2B vs. the MUM-2C clones resulted
in the differential expression of 210 known genes. Overall, the molecular signature of the MUM-2B cells resembled that of
multiple phenotypes – similar to a pluripotent, embryonic-like genotype. Validation of select genes that were upregulated
and down-regulated was conducted by semiquantitative RT-PCR measurement. This study provides a molecular profile that will
hopefully lead to the development of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention and possible diagnostic markers to
predict the clinical outcome of patients with uveal melanoma.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献