全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1304篇 |
免费 | 111篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 8篇 |
儿科学 | 60篇 |
妇产科学 | 22篇 |
基础医学 | 186篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 128篇 |
内科学 | 339篇 |
皮肤病学 | 40篇 |
神经病学 | 78篇 |
特种医学 | 142篇 |
外科学 | 121篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
预防医学 | 103篇 |
眼科学 | 19篇 |
药学 | 66篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 31篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 33篇 |
2015年 | 40篇 |
2014年 | 53篇 |
2013年 | 63篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 45篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 45篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 52篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1432条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dan Azagury Tara E Mokhtari Luis Garcia Ulysses S Rosas Trit Garg Homero Rivas John Morton 《Surgery》2019,165(3):565-570
Background
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding all lead to substantial weight loss in obese patients. Long-term weight loss can be highly variable beyond 1-year postsurgery. This study examines and compares the frequency distribution of weight loss and lack of treatment effect rates after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.Methods
A total of 1,331 consecutive patients at a single academic institution were reviewed from a prospectively collected database. Preoperative data collected included demographics, body mass index, and percent excess weight loss. Postoperative BMI and %EWL were collected at 12, 24, and 36 months. Percent excess weight loss was analyzed by the percentiles of excess weight lost, and the distribution of percent excess weight loss was evaluated in 10% increments. Lack of a successful treatment effect was defined as <25% excess weight loss.Results
Of the 1,331 patients, 72.4% (963) underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 18.3% (243) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and 9.4%(125) laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Mean percent excess weight loss was greatest for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, followed by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and then by laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding at every time point: at 2 years mean percent excess weight loss was 77.9± 24.4 for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 50.8 ± 25.8 for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and 40.8± 25.9 for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (P < .0001). The rates of a successful treatment effect s for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding were 0.9%, 5.2%, and 24.3% at 1 year; 0.3%, 11.1%, and 26.0% at 2 years; and 1.0%, 25.3%, and 30.2% at 3 years. At 1 year, the odds ratio of lack of a successful treatment effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was 6.305 (2.125–19.08; P?=?.0004), the odds ratio for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was 36.552 (15.64–95.71; P < .0001), and the odds ratio for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was 5.791 (2.519–14.599; P < .0001). At 2 years, the odds ratio for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increased to 70.7 (9.4–531.7; P < .0001), the odds ratio for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increased to 128.1 (16.8–974.3; P < .0001), and the odds ratio for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy decreased to 1.8 (0.9–3.6; P?=?.09).Conclusion
This study emphasizes the existing variability in weight loss across bariatric procedures as well as in the lack of a treatment effect for each procedure. Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has the greatest rate of a lack of a successful treatment effect, the rate remained stable over 3 years postoperatively. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy showed a doubling in the rate of a lack of a successful treatment effect every year reaching 25% at year 3. The rates for lack of a successful treatment effect for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remained stable at about 1% for the first 3 years postoperatively. 相似文献2.
3.
GP SCHWAB AL BLUM E BODNER B DALLEMAGNE K GLASER H KOOP F PACE W RÖSCH JR SIEWERT G WETSCHER 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(12):785-789
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. With the introduction of proton pump inhibitors medical treatment of GERD has been significantly improved. However, the development of laparoscopic antireflux surgery resulted in an increasing interest of surgeons in this disease. An interactive meeting was organized in order to develop an agreement between gastoenterologists and surgeons regarding therapeutic decisions and this is the main topic of this paper. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Edward?J?HolloxEmail author Jane?Davies Uta?Griesenbach Juliana?Burgess Eric?WFW?Alton John?AL?Armour 《Journal of negative results in biomedicine》2005,4(1):9
Human beta-defensin 2 (DEFB4, also known as DEFB2 or hBD-2) is a salt-sensitive antimicrobial protein that is expressed in
lung epithelia. Previous work has shown that it is encoded in a cluster of beta-defensin genes at 8p23.1, which varies in
copy number between 2 and 12 in different individuals. We determined the copy number of this locus in 355 patients with cystic
fibrosis (CF), and tested for correlation between beta-defensin cluster genomic copy number and lung disease associated with
CF. No significant association was found. 相似文献
7.
Missense FGFR3 mutations create cysteine residues in thanatophoric dwarfism type I (TD1) 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
Rousseau F; el Ghouzzi V; Delezoide AL; Legeai-Mallet L; Le Merrer M; Munnich A; Bonaventure J 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(4):509-512
Thanatophoric dwarfism (TD) is a sporadic lethal skeletal dysplasia with
micromelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, platyspondyly and reduced
thoracic cavity. In the most common subtype (TD1), femurs are curved, while
in TD2, straight femurs are associated with cloverleaf skull. Mutations in
the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene were identified in
both subtypes. While TD2 was accounted for by a single recurrent mutation
in the tyrosine kinase 2 domain, TD1 resulted from either stop codon
mutations or missense mutations in the extracellular domain of the gene.
Here, we report the identification of FGFR3 mutations in 25/26 TD cases.
Two novel missense mutations (Y373C and G370C) were detected in 8/26 and
1/26 TD1 cases respectively. Both mutations created cysteine residues in
the juxta extramembrane domain of the receptor. Sixteen cases carried the
previously reported R248C (9/26 cases), S249C (2/26 cases) or stop codon
FGFR3 mutations (5/26 cases). Our results suggest that TD1 is a genetically
homogeneous condition and give additional support to the view that newly
created cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the protein play a
key role in the severity of the disease.
相似文献
8.
Towards a Taenia solium cysticercosis vaccine: an epitope shared by Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium protects mice against experimental cysticercosis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Toledo A Larralde C Fragoso G Gevorkian G Manoutcharian K Hernández M Acero G Rosas G López-Casillas F Garfias CK Vázquez R Terrazas I Sciutto E 《Infection and immunity》1999,67(5):2522-2530
The Taenia crassiceps recombinant antigen KETc7 has been shown to be effective as a vaccine against experimental murine cysticercosis, a laboratory model used to test potentially promising molecules against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence of this proline-rich polypeptide, three fragments, GK-1, GK-2, and GK-3, were chemically synthesized in linear form. Of the three peptides, only GK-1 induced sterile protection against T. crassiceps cysticercosis in 40 to 70% of BALB/cAnN male mice. GK-1 is an 18-amino-acid peptide which contains at least one B-cell epitope, as demonstrated by its ability to induce an antibody response to the peptide and T. crassiceps antigen without need of a carrier protein. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that anti-GK1 antibodies strongly react with the native protein in the tegument of T. crassiceps and also with anatomical structures of T. solium eggs, oncospheres, cysticercus, and tapeworm. GK-1 also contains at least one T-cell epitope, capable of stimulating the proliferation of CD8(+) and to a lower extent CD4(+) T cells primed either with the free peptide or T. crassiceps total antigen. The supernatant of the stimulated cells contained high levels of gamma interferon and low levels of interleukin-4. Similar results were obtained with T cells tested for intracellular cytokine production, an indication of the peptide's capacity to induce an inflammatory response. The remarkable protection induced by GK-1 immunization, its physicochemical properties, and its presence in all developmental stages of T. solium point to this synthetic peptide as a strong candidate in the construction of a synthetic vaccine against T. solium pig cysticercosis. 相似文献
9.
A STAT4-dependent Th1 response is required for resistance to the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Rodríguez-Sosa M Saavedra R Tenorio EP Rosas LE Satoskar AR Terrazas LI 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(8):4552-4560
To determine the role of STAT4-dependent Th1 responses in the regulation of immunity to the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps, we monitored infections with this parasite in resistant mice lacking the STAT4 gene. While T. crassiceps-infected STAT4(+/+) mice rapidly resolved the infection, STAT4(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to infection and displayed large parasite loads. Moreover, the inability of STAT4(-/-) mice to control the infection was associated with the induction of an antigen-specific Th2-type response characterized by significantly higher levels of Th2-associated immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and total IgE as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 than those in STAT4(+/+) mice, who produced significantly more gamma interferon. Furthermore, early after infection, macrophages from STAT4(-/-) mice produced lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, and nitric oxide (NO) than those from STAT4(+/+) mice, suggesting a pivotal role for macrophages in mediating protection against cysticercosis. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the STAT4 signaling pathway in the development of a Th1-type immune response that is essential for mediating protection against the larval stage of T. crassiceps infection. 相似文献
10.
Histological study of the proximal and distal segments of the embryonic outflow tract and great arteries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sánchez Gómez C Pliego Pliego L Contreras Ramos A Angel Munguía Rosas M Salazar García M García Romero HL González Jiménez MA 《The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology》2005,283(1):202-211
The normal development of the ventricular outlets and proximal region of the great arteries is a controversial subject. It is known that the conus, truncus arteriosus (truncus), and aortic sac participate; however, there are some doubts as to the actual prospective fate of the truncus. Some authors propose that it gives origin to the proximal region of the great arteries and that the myocardial cells of its wall become smooth muscle. Nevertheless, others think that the truncus only forms the arterial valve apparatus and that therefore the myocardial cells transform into fibroblasts. As a first approach to beginning to elucidate which process occurs, the aim of this article was to study the histological changes in the wall of these components of the developing heart in chick embryos whose hearts had been labeled at the truncoconal boundary at stage 22HH, tracing the changes up to stage 36HH. Also, the histological constitution of the wall of the pulmonary arterial trunk and its valve apparatus were studied in the posthatching and adult hearts of chickens and rats. The conus and truncus walls were always encircled by a myocardial sleeve from the outset of their development. Between stages 26HH to 28HH, the truncal myocardial cells adjacent to the mesenchymal tissue of the ridges began to lose cell-to-cell contacts and invaded the extracellular matrix. At stage 24HH, the aortic sac began to project into the pericardial cavity and became divided into two channels by the aortic-pulmonary septum at stage 26HH. The wall of the aortic sac is mostly constituted by a compact mesenchymal tissue. Initially, it does not have smooth muscle but this starts to appear at stage 30HH. The insertion ring of the valves, a broad structure, was formed by mesenchymal tissue. Both structures were always covered by a myocardial sleeve. The leaflets developed from the truncal ridges, the segment immediately proximal to the aortic sac. Our results indicate that the proximal region of the pulmonary and aortic arteries do not originate from the truncus arteriosus; rather, we found that they take origin from the aortic sac. Thus, our findings agree with the proposal that the myocardial cells of the external sleeve of the truncus become fibroblastic and suggest that the insertion ring of the arterial valves has a dual origin: fibroblasts produced by truncal myocardial transdiferentiation and the mesenchymal tissue of the proximal region of the truncal ridges, while the leaflets have their origin from the truncal ridges. We discuss the fact that, because the truncus arteriosus does not give origin to the trunks of the aortic and pulmonary arteries, it may be necessary to modify terminology. Based on our results, together with the new findings obtained by in vivo labeling, immunostaining, a chimeric approach, and ultrastructural studies, we propose a developmental model that correlates the fate of the conus, truncus, and aortic sac with the normal morphogenesis of the ventricular outlet tracts and the trunks of the great arteries. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献