高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查价值

目的：探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）对颞部疾病的检查价值。方法：对43例颞部疾病患者行常规CT和高分辨率CT（HRCT）检查所获图像对比分析，并讨论HRCT的检查技术和图像后处理。结果：HRCT对病变的显示率及病变引起骨质破坏的程度，病变边缘，轮廓的显示均明显优于常规CT，尤其能清楚显示常规CT难以显示的中耳及内耳的细微结构，结论：高分辨率CT是颞部疾病的首选检查方法，使用高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查给临床提供更多，更准确的诊断信息。     

西脉式环抱器用于骨折内固定术护理配合要点

目的:探讨西脉镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器用于骨折内固定术有关的护理配合问题。方法:12例不同部位骨折病人(其中男性8例、女性4例、年龄15～62岁)采用西脉镍钛(TiNi)形状记忆合金环抱器人实施内固定手术,观察术中护理配合要点和实际效果。结果:骨折复位满意,手术持续时间<2h。所有病人术后均无感染迹象,手术切口愈合良好。结论:围术期护理配合质量(如器械选择、塑形准备、无菌操作等)的优劣,是手术成功与否的重要因素之一。     

多普勒超声心动图对儿童急性肾炎早期左室舒张功能的研究

目的　采用多普勒超声心动图评价儿童急性肾炎 (AGN)早期左室舒张功能 (LVDF)损害的严重程度及疗效观察。方法　将 76例急性肾炎患儿按病情程度分为轻度、重度两组与 5 4例健康对照组进行对照。应用HP - 10 0 0型超声诊断仪 ,分别于治疗前和治疗后 2周测定二尖瓣舒张早期峰值流速 (EV)、二尖瓣舒张晚期峰值流速 (AV)、EV AV比值、舒张早期充盈分数(EI)、舒张晚期充盈分数 (AI)、EI AI比值、E峰加速时间 (AT)、E峰减速时间 (DT)、DT AT比值、肺静脉收缩期最大前向血流速度(S)、舒张期最大前向血流速度 (D)、D S比值、左房内径 (LA)、主动脉内径 (AO)、LA AO比值等 11项指标。结果　EV AV、EI AI、LA AO、D S是判断LVDF损害的重要指标 ;LVDF损害与病情严重程度有关 ,其中 ,EV、EV AV、EI、EI AI、AT、D S随病情加重而降低 ,AV、AI、DT、DT AT、LA AO随病情加重而增高 ;EI、AI、AT、DT、DT AT是评价其疗效的重要指标 ;治疗后 ,LVDF恢复时间晚于临床症状恢复时间。结论　上述指标可动态检测LVDF ,对指导临床诊治具有重要意义。同时该检测方法操作简便易行、重复性强、无痛苦 ,结果较为精确。     

冰点下降法测定血、尿渗透压的临床应用及注意事项

本文应用溶液冰点下降法测定了178例正常血清渗透压。结果为287±13毫渗量/kg水。并对20例尿崩症病人在限水加压素试验过程中测定血清,尿渗透压。尿崩症病人尿渗透压明显低于正常人。注射加压素后,尿渗透压升到正常。在多尿症的鉴别诊断中,此法是一种简便,灵敏的手段。有重要的诊断价值。     

Inputs from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex in the cat

Summary The spatial organization and laminar distribution of projections from the olfactory bulb and the anterior (PPCa) and posterior (PPCp) divisions of the prepiriform cortex to the entorhinal cortex were studied with anterograde (³H-leucine) and retrograde (WGA-HRP) tracing techniques. After ³H-leucine injections into the olfactory bulb transported labeling was seen over the lateral entorhinal area, except its most medial part, and over the rostral part of the medial entorhinal area. The labeling covers exclusively layer Ia. The lateral and medial entorhinal areas are also reached by fibers from the prepiriform cortex. The projection to the medial entorhinal area has not been described previously. Following injections of ³H-leucine into the PPCa transported labeling is present over the entire expanse of the entorhinal cortex and is located over layer Ib with the greatest density in its superficial part. Injections of ³H-leucine into the PPCp give rise to transported labeling over much of the entorhinal cortex. No labeling was found over the most medial parts of the medial subdivision (VMEA) of the lateral entorhinal area and the medial entorhinal area. Labeling occupies layer Ib, especially its middle part, and layers II and III. Both PPCa and PPCp appear to project most heavily to the dorsal (DLEA) and ventral (VLEA) subdivisions of the lateral entorhinal area. From the retrograde experiments it can be inferred that cells of layers II and III of the PPCa project predominantly to the DLEA, whereas those of the PPCp project predominantly to the VLEA. The MEA receives its heaviest projection from layer II of both PPCa and PPCp. In control experiments with ³H-leucine injections into the endopiriform nucleus it was found that this nucleus projects to the entire expanse of the entorhinal cortex. The fibers distribute to all layers with the exception of layer Ia.Abbreviations AI agranular insular cortex - AL lateral nucleus of the amygdala - BL basolateral nucleus of the amygdala - BM basomedial nucleus of the amygdala - C claustrum - CoA cortical nucleus of the amygdala - DLEA dorsal division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - END endopiriform nucleus - H hippocampus - I granular insular cortex - lot lateral olfactory tractus - MCL mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb - MEA medial entorhinal area - OB olfactory bulb - PPCa anterior part of the prepiriform nucleus - PPCp posterior part of the prepiriform nucleus - VLEA ventral division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - VMEA ventromedial division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - 35 area 35 of the perirhinal cortex - 36 area 36 of the perirhinal cortex     

Cytocompatibility of Three Corneal Cell Types with Amniotic Membrane

Rabbit limbal corneal epithelial cells, corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes were cultured on amniotic membrane. Phase contrast microscope examination was performed daily. Histological and scan electron microscopic examinations were carried out to observe the growth, arrangement and adhesion of cultivated cells. Results showed that three corneal cell types seeded on amniotic membrane grew well and had normal cell morphology. Cultured cells attached firmly on the surface of amniotic membrane. Corneal epithelial cells showed singular layer or stratification. Cell boundaries were formed and tightly opposed. Corneal endothelial cells showed cobblestone or polygonal morphologic characteristics that appeared uniform in size. The cellular arrangement was compact. Keratocytes elongated and showed triangle or dendritic morphology with many intercellular joints which could form networks. In conclusion, amniotic membrane has good scaffold property, diffusion effect and compatibility with corneal cells. The basement membrane side of amniotic membrane facilitated the growth of corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells and cell junctions were tightly developed. The spongy layer of amniotic membrane facilitated the growth of keratocytes and intercellular joints were rich. Amniotic membrane is an ideal biomaterial for layering tissue engineered cornea.     

动态脑电图在昏迷病人中的应用

目的：探讨动态脑电图监测对昏迷病人的应用价值。方法：对107例昏迷患者采用多次动态脑电图监测，分析脑电图改变与临床结局的关系。结果：平坦波型昏迷死亡率较高(94．7％)，慢波型昏迷死亡率较低(30．3％)，且预后较好。结论：对昏迷病人实施动态脑电图监测，可提高对预后评估及脑死亡的正确判断率。     

Alcohol policies in industrial nations: Recent trends and alternative approaches

Alcohol consumption and many alcohol-related problems have increased in most industrialized countries in the postwar period. The main societal responses have been increases in the treatment response to alcohol problems and in public and school education efforts. In the present era of fiscal crisis, there is also a trend toward punitive controls of the individual drinker. Potential policy alternatives should be broadened to include environmental protections for and from drunkenness, and a reconsideration of alcohol control strategies. Recent studies have shown that in some circumstances such laws have strong effects.Revised from a paper presented at a Plenary Session on Alcohol and Public Policy at the 28th International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism, Munich, West Germany, July 9, 1982. Preparation of this article was supported by NIAAA National Alcohol Research Center grant (AA-05595) to the Alcohol Research Group, Institute of Epidemiology and Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, 1816 Scenic Ave., Berkeley, CA 94709.     

Patterns of family responses to alcohol and tobacco problems

Patterns of family response to drinking and smoking were studied in a sample of 1034 adults in Ontario in 1993. Concerning tobacco smoking, 69% of respondents reported having said something to a relative and 82% to a friend; concerning drinking, 46% had said something to a relative and 65% to a friend. Having said something did not vary much with the respondent's age, educational level and smoking or drinking status, except that current smokers were less likely than others to have said something to a friend or acquaintance, while heavier drinkers were more likely to have said something to a friend or acquaintance, and ex-drinkers were more likely to have said something to a relative. About half of all who had ever smoked reported a family member (57%) or a friend (47%) had said something to them about their smoking, compared with much smaller proportions of ever-drinkers who reported that a family member (14%) or a friend (8%) had ever said anything about their drinking. Both drinking and smoking are recognized by many respondents as imposing burdens on the family. Family members often comment on drinking and smoking, and make suggestions about cutting down or quitting.