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Logan Manikam Shereen Allaham IsabelCatherine Demel Ummi Aisha Bello Maryan Naman Michelle Heys Neha Batura Clare Llewellyn Andrew Hayward Rajalakshmi Lakshman Jenny Gilmour Kelley Webb Martin Carol Irish Chanel Edwards Mfon Archibong Corinne Clarkson Mary Marsh Daley Delceta Amanda Nutkins Lily Islam Seema Bajwa Sabiha Malek Jasvir Bhachu Geromini Pushpakanthan Monica Lakhanpaul 《Health expectations》2022,25(5):2416
IntroductionThe Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) study is a multiphase project that aims to optimize feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in South Asian children <2 years in East London, United Kingdom. The multiphase project uses a participatory learning and action (PLA) approach facilitated by a multilingual community facilitator. In this paper, we elaborate on the process and results of the Intervention Development Phase in the context of the wider NEON programme.MethodsQualitative community‐based participatory intervention codevelopment and adaptation.SettingCommunity centres in East London and online (Zoom) meetings and workshops.ParticipantsIn total, 32 participants registered to participate in the Intervention Development Phase. Four Intervention Development workshops were held, attended by 25, 17, 20 and 20 participants, respectively.ResultsCollaboratively, a culturally sensitive NEON intervention package was developed consisting of (1) PLA group facilitator manual, (2) picture cards detailing recommended and nonrecommended feeding, care and dental hygiene practices with facilitators/barriers to uptake as well as solutions to address these, (3) healthy infant cultural recipes, (4) participatory Community Asset Maps and (5) list of resources and services supporting infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices.ConclusionThe Intervention Development Phase of the NEON programme demonstrates the value of a collaborative approach between researchers, community facilitators and the target population when developing public health interventions. We recommend that interventions to promote infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices should be codeveloped with communities. Recognizing and taking into account both social and cultural norms may be of particular value for infants from ethnically diverse communities to develop interventions that are both effective in and accepted by these communities.Patient and Public Involvement and EngagementConsiderable efforts were placed on Patient/Participant and Public Involvement and Engagement. Five community facilitators were identified, each of which represented one ethnic/language group: (i) Bangladeshi/Bengali and Sylheti, (ii) Pakistani/Urdu, (iii) Indian/Gujrati, (iv) Indian/Punjabi and (v) Sri Lankan/Tamil. The community facilitators were engaged in every step of the study, from the initial drafting of the protocol and study design to the Intervention Development and refinement of the NEON toolkit, as well as the publication and dissemination of the study findings. More specifically, their role in the Intervention Development Phase of the NEON programme was to:
- 1.Support the development of the study protocol, information sheets and ethics application.
- 2.Ensure any documents intended for community members are clear, appropriate and sensitively worded.
- 3.Develop strategies to troubleshoot any logistical challenges of project delivery, for example, recruitment shortfalls.
- 4.Contribute to the writing of academic papers, in particular reviewing and revising drafts.
- 5.Develop plain language summaries and assist in dissemination activities, for example, updates on relevant websites.
- 6.Contribute to the development of the NEON intervention toolkit and recruitment of the community members.
- 7.Attend and contribute to Intervention Development workshops, ensuring the participant''s voices were the focus of the discussion and workshop outcomes.
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Nirbhay N. Singh Giulio E. Lancioni Ramasamy Manikam Alan S.W. Winton Ashvind N.A. Singh Judy Singh Angela D.A. Singh 《Research in autism spectrum disorders》2011,5(3):1153-1158
Some individuals with autism engage in physical aggression to an extent that interferes with not only their quality of life, but also that of their parents and siblings. Behavioral and psychopharmacological treatments have been the mainstay of treatments for aggression in children and adolescents with autism. We evaluated the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based procedure, Meditation on the Soles of the Feet, in helping three adolescents to manage their physical aggression. This procedure required the adolescents to rapidly shift the focus of their attention from the aggression-triggering event to a neutral place on their body, the soles of their feet. Incidents of aggression across the three adolescents ranged from a mean of 14–20 per week during baseline, 4–6 per week during mindfulness training, including zero rates during the last 4 weeks of intervention. Aggression occurred a rate of about 1 per year during a 3-year follow-up. Our results suggest adolescents with autism can learn, and effectively use, a mindfulness-based procedure to self-manage their physical aggression over several years. 相似文献
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Wee Chee Tan Indu Bala Jaganath Rishya Manikam Shamala Devi Sekaran 《International journal of medical sciences》2013,10(13):1817-1829
Nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir are effective antiviral drugs against herpes simplex virus infections since its introduction. However, with the emergence of acyclovir-resistant HSV strains particularly in immunocompromised patients, there is a need to develop an alternative antiherpetic drug and plants could be the potential lead. In this study, the antiviral activity of the aqueous extract of four Phyllanthus species were evaluated against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in Vero cells by quantitative PCR. The protein expressions of untreated and treated infected Vero cells were studied by 2D-gel electrophoresis and Western blot. This is the first study that reported the antiviral activity of P. watsonii. P. urinaria was shown to demonstrate the strongest antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, with SI >33.6. Time-of-addition studies suggested that the extract may act against the early infection stage and the replication stage. Protein expression studies indicated that cellular proteins that are involved in maintaining cytoskeletal structure could be potential target for development of antiviral drugs. Preliminary findings indicated that P. urinaria demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against HSV. Hence, further studies such as in vivo evaluation are required for the development of effective antiherpetic drug. 相似文献
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Ravi Chandra Vemuri Rohit Gundamaraju Shamala Devi Sekaran Rishya Manikam 《International journal of medical sciences》2015,12(5):387-396
Background: Rosacea is a characteristic cutaneous disorder with a diverse clinical manifestations ranging from facial vascular hyper-reactivity to sebaceous gland hyperplasia. Many theories on pathophysiology of rosacea were proposed over the past decade, however the pathogenicity is poorly understood.Aim: To review the evidence on different pathophysiological correlations of rosacea.Methods: A literature search was conducted for studies published between 1990 to March 2014. The inclusion criteria was pathophysiology, randomized controlled trials, controlled trials on rosacea.Results: Out of 5141 articles, 14 high quality studies met all the selection criteria. Of 14 articles, 5 are randomized control trials (RCTs), 2 are controlled trial, 3 comparative trials, 2 observational trials, 1 prospective and 1 diagnostic trial. The studies were categorized into two groups: the trigger factors and sub-types & symptoms. Of 7 high quality studies, 4 provided strong evidence that immune responses causing disease triggered by external/internal factors such as sunlight, food and chemical agents, 3 trials provided significant evidence of microorganisms as causative agents. The remaining trials did not provide significant evidences on pathophysiology.Conclusion: Vasculature, chronic inflammatory responses, environmental triggers, food and chemicals ingested and microorganisms either alone or in combination are responsible for rosacea. Many promising drugs are under various phases of clinical trials and interestingly, probiotics could also possibly be used as one of the treatment option. 相似文献
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Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis are the major causes for high morbidity and mortality rates in cancer patient. Modulation on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis provides opportunities to halt progression of cancer. From our previous findings, Phyllanthus plant possesses antiproliferative effects on melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis. The main aims of the present work were further investigated on the antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects on cancer cells (MeWo and PC-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of 4 Phyllanthus species (P.amarus, P.niruri, P.urinaria and P.watsonii). Phyllanthus extracts significantly inhibited cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration activities of cancer (MeWo and PC-3) cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) by cell-matrix adhesion, Transwell migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration assays. Phyllanthus extracts were exhibited low cytotoxicity on HUVECs up to a concentration of 500.0 μg/ml by MTS reduction assay. Phyllanthus extracts also exhibited antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of migration, invasion, and microcapillary like-tube structure formation in HUVECs. These observations were due to alteration in activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ?2, ?7, ?9, and ?26 in treated-endothelial and cancer cells by zymographies. These findings suggest that Phyllanthus plant has the potential to inhibit tumour metastasis and angiogenesis through the suppression of MMP enzymes. 相似文献
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Meghan A Cupp Jessica Owugha Alex Florschutz Andy Beckingham Virad Kisan Logan Manikam Monica Lakhanpaul 《Lancet》2018
Background
The early years of life are marked by a crucial period for child development, occurring between conception and 2 years old. The charity, Zero2 Expo, created a multimedia exposition, Birthing a Better Future, to convey a public health message on the importance of the first 1001 days of life and the potential this period holds for intervention measures to have lifelong benefits. This evaluation aimed to determine whether this exposition is effective at raising awareness of the importance of the first 1001 days of life and inform the implementation of future expositions.Methods
We conducted a realistic evaluation of the exposition pilot in The Corridor Gallery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, from Nov 12, 2017, to Jan 6, 2018. Participants were selected through convenience sampling from individuals passing through the gallery. Semi-structured interviews led by a topic guide were conducted by a researcher on 6 random days (10% of the pilot's total duration) and feedback questionnaires were freely available. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for qualitative assessment through content analysis in NVivo (version 11), and questionnaire responses were assessed through Likert scales in R statistical software.Findings
We conducted 12 interviews and collected 19 feedback questionnaires from participants from a range of backgrounds, including parents, the general public, and health-care professionals. Analysis indicated an overall positive response to the exposition. According to a Likert scale, 11 (78·6%) of 14 respondents agreed that the exhibition raised their awareness of the topic. Nine (69·2%) of 13 participants felt that the exhibition affected their knowledge of the topic. 16 (84·2%) of 19 participants agreed that the exposition was thought-provoking. The number of survey respondents varied across questions, since some were implemented after a survey piloting round and therefore have fewer respondents. Interview themes included increased awareness of the importance of the early years of childhood development as well as recommendations for future expositions. Although participants were supportive of the multimedia approach, they believed that art pieces were more impactful than written pieces, a finding that should be considered in future expositions.Interpretation
This pilot demonstrates the potential of a multimedia exposition to effectively convey public health messages. Future expositions might be valuable for public health communication strategies and hold potential to influence public perceptions of health-related topics.Funding
Zero2 Expo. 相似文献9.
Maya Lakhanpaul Emma C. Alexander Meghan A. Cupp Jessica Taripre Owugha Alex Florschutz Andy Beckingham Virad Kisan Monica Lakhanpaul Logan Manikam 《Health expectations》2021,24(4):1270
BackgroundOur study aimed to evaluate to what extent Zero2 Expo''s ‘Birthing a Better Future’, a co‐created multimedia exhibition, was effective in raising awareness on the importance of the first 1001 days of life and explore what refinements would help to optimize the impact of future exhibitions.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods evaluation of the exhibition delivered in the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Through convenience sampling, 14 participants were selected to participate in 12 structured interviews and 19 participants completed a questionnaire. Interviews were thematically analysed alongside quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses through Likert scales.ResultsThe majority (78.6%, n = 11/14) of participants who completed the questionnaire either agreed or strongly agreed that the exhibition raised their awareness about the first 1001 days of life. This was supported by the analysis of interviews. The use of art was found to provoke an emotional engagement from participants. Participants felt that the length of the written pieces and location of the exhibition were important factors for designers to consider in future exhibitions.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that multimedia exhibitions, combining science with art, may be an effective way to raise awareness of public health messages. Engaging with key stakeholders will be an essential step in order to improve future public health exhibitions.Public ContributionWhen designing the study, the public reviewed the study tools, which were refined based on their feedback. At every phase of the study, members of the public who are artists co‐created the exhibition content. 相似文献
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Rajah Rasiah Rishya Manikam Sankara K. Chandarsekaran Govindamal Thangiah Saravanan Puspharajan Dasan Swaminathan 《Medicine》2014,93(23)
The growing shortage in human organs has raised serious concerns. To address this problem, we examine in this article the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors, and respondents’ willingness to donate cadaveric organs using a large survey of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above.A convenience sampling method was used to extract information from a total of 10,350 participants from Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur over the period of April 2, 2013 to February 29, 2014. In addition to analyzing the data using incidence of willingness to donate by demographic and socioeconomic factors, we carried out logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio of respondents’ willingness to become cadaveric organ donors controlling for age.About less than a third of the participants pledged to donate their organs upon death with women (35.6%) showing a higher incidence compared with men (33.2%). The Chinese (35.7%) and Malays (35.0%) pledged to contribute more than the Indians (31.6%) and the logistic regressions show that Malays (adjusted odds ration [OR] = 1.18) and Chinese (adjusted OR = 1.21) are more likely to donate than Indians (reference group). The results by religion were significant among Muslims and Hindus but not Buddhists. The likelihood of Muslims donating was the lowest (adjusted OR = 0.26). Income was also highly significant but the relationship with willingness to donate was negative. Against tertiary education, all other occupations were significant. However, the respondents with primary education enjoyed the highest adjusted OR (5.46) whereas that of secondary (0.48) and higher secondary (0.83) education was low. Among occupations (against supervisory, clerical, and direct workers), it was significant only among the unemployed and managers with adjusted OR of 1.50 and 1.58, respectively.Sex, education, ethnicity, religion, and income are important demographic and socioeconomic influences on the likelihood of Malaysians willing to become cadaveric organ donors. The Malaysian evidence suggests that awareness programs should be targeted at men, Muslims, Hindus, Malays, and the rich more than the others. 相似文献