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Louise A. Rollins-Smith J. Scott Fites Laura K. Reinert Andrea R. Shiakolas Thomas P. Umile Kevin P. C. Minbiole 《Infection and immunity》2015,83(12):4565-4570
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungal pathogen in the phylum Chytridiomycota that causes the skin disease chytridiomycosis. Chytridiomycosis is considered an emerging infectious disease linked to worldwide amphibian declines and extinctions. Although amphibians have well-developed immune defenses, clearance of this pathogen from the skin is often impaired. Previously, we showed that the adaptive immune system is involved in the control of the pathogen, but B. dendrobatidis releases factors that inhibit in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte responses and induce lymphocyte apoptosis. Little is known about the nature of the inhibitory factors released by this fungus. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of three fungal metabolites produced by B. dendrobatidis but not by the closely related nonpathogenic chytrid Homolaphlyctis polyrhiza. These metabolites are methylthioadenosine (MTA), tryptophan, and an oxidized product of tryptophan, kynurenine (Kyn). Independently, both MTA and Kyn inhibit the survival and proliferation of amphibian lymphocytes and the Jurkat human T cell leukemia cell line. However, working together, they become effective at much lower concentrations. We hypothesize that B. dendrobatidis can adapt its metabolism to release products that alter the local environment in the skin to inhibit immunity and enhance the survival of the pathogen. 相似文献
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R. R. Reinert 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2006,12(9):942-943
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Hillmann JS; Mesgarzadeh M; Revesz G; Bonakdarpour A; Clancy M; Betz RR 《Radiology》1987,165(3):769-773
Proximal femoral focal deficiency, an uncommon congenital anomaly, necessitates early radiologic classification for surgical planning and treatment. Objective radiographic criteria, including femoral length index, acetabular depth index, acetabular angle index, and shape of the proximal femur were determined in 49 patients before cartilaginous ossification of the femoral capital epiphysis; final classification was based on follow-up radiographs or findings at arthrography or surgery. These parameters were analyzed to determine the accuracy and contributions of each in classification. Correct classification into one of three groups was possible in 86% of cases with use of three of the parameters: femoral length index, acetabular depth index, and shape of the proximal femur. The acetabular angle was found to contribute insignificantly to classification. Magnetic resonance imaging, used in only one case, depicted the nonossified cartilaginous femoral capital epiphysis, thus obviating the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and facilitating early classification. 相似文献
5.
A. Reinert A. Kaske S. Mense 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1998,121(2):174-180
The density of substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive
(ir) nerve endings was quantitatively evaluated in intact and inflamed gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of the rat. In persistently
inflamed muscle (12 days after a single injection of Freund’s adjuvant into the muscle), the density of SP-ir fibres was significantly
increased. CGRP- and VIP-ir fibres displayed an insignificant increase in density. The density of fibres ir for nerve growth
factor (NGF) and for growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43/B-50), a marker for axonal sprouting, regeneration and synaptic
reorganisation, increased significantly in persistently inflamed muscle. The data are consistent with the established contribution
of NGF on the expression of SP and GAP-43 in afferent neurones under the influence of a persistent inflammation.
Received: 8 September 1997 / Accepted: 12 February 1998 相似文献
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G Leverger F Demeocq J L Harousseau O Taboureau J P Vannier A Boilletot L de Lumley P Boutard D Olive P Reinert 《Pathologie-biologie》1987,35(5):648-651
Infection is the most important cause of mortality in leucopenic patients. A broad spectrum antibiotic therapy is imperative in febrile and neutropenic patients. In a multicentric study we have used ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/d) and netilmicin (6 mg/kg/d) in 88 children (fever greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C, neutropenia less than 500/mm3) treated for acute leukemias (59), non Hodgkin lymphomas (13) or solid tumors (16). Median age was 7 years (2 months-16 years). In patients who continued to remain febrile, vancomycin (40 mg/kg/d) was added after 48 hours. The effective treatment was continued until a neutrophil count greater than 1,000/mm3. The first combination (ceftazidime + netilmicin) was effective in 64 children (73%) and the second combination (ceftazidime + netilmicin + vancomycin) in 11 patients. Bacteria were isolated in 39 children: Escherichia coli: 9, Staphylococcus epidermidis: 9, Staphylococcus aureus: 8, Streptococcus: 6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae: 1, Haemophilus: 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae: 1, Proteus: 1, Serratia: 1, Flavobacterium: 1. In these 39 patients, 30 became apyretic with ceftazidime and netilmicin and 6 after vancomycin. All blood culture were negative after the first combination. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 14 days (5-9 days: 28, 10-20 days: 43, greater than 20 days: 17). There were no death, no superinfection. Tolerance was good without kidney or liver or biological perturbation. We conclude that the combination ceftazidime and netilmicin is effective in neutropenic children. 相似文献
10.
S Lemerle F Bernaudin I Papay-Paillerets J B Lobut E Doppelt P Reinert 《Annales de pédiatrie》1989,36(8):539-543
Epstein-Barr virus infection is one of the etiologies that should be discussed in patients with macrophage activation syndrome. We report a case that is consistent with this diagnosis. The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the etiologic diagnosis of VAHS (virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome) is specified. In pediatric patients with VAHS, the other causes of macrophage activation should also be discussed. 相似文献