全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1971篇 |
免费 | 113篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 16篇 |
儿科学 | 105篇 |
妇产科学 | 89篇 |
基础医学 | 326篇 |
口腔科学 | 48篇 |
临床医学 | 143篇 |
内科学 | 326篇 |
皮肤病学 | 70篇 |
神经病学 | 137篇 |
特种医学 | 35篇 |
外科学 | 178篇 |
综合类 | 35篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 165篇 |
眼科学 | 100篇 |
药学 | 181篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 130篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 30篇 |
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 89篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 54篇 |
2018年 | 71篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 72篇 |
2015年 | 70篇 |
2014年 | 94篇 |
2013年 | 125篇 |
2012年 | 180篇 |
2011年 | 194篇 |
2010年 | 102篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 102篇 |
2007年 | 112篇 |
2006年 | 99篇 |
2005年 | 83篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 60篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2096条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
Transformation of immortal, non-tumorigenic osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells to the tumorigenic phenotype by nickel sulfate 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Rani A.Shobha; Qu Da-Qin; Sidhu Maninder K.; Panagakos Fotinos; Shah Varsha; Klein Kenneth M.; Brown Nicholas; Pathak Sen; Kumar Suriender 《Carcinogenesis》1993,14(5):947-953
Epidemiological studies have indirectly linked compounds ofchromium, nickel and arsenic to human carcinogenesis. However,there is no evidence that metal compounds can transform humancells to the tumorigenic phenotype in culture. We show herethat exposure to 36 µM NiS04 for 4896 h resultsin transformation of an immortal, non-tumorigenic, osteoblast-likecell line, HOS TE85, to the tumorigenic phenotype. Continuouspassaging following treatment leads to the formation of a fewdense foci. The cells isolated and expanded from the foci aremorphologically transformed, and form anchorage-independentcolonies of the size and abundance comparable to that formedby Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed HOS TE85 cells.The transformed cells from tumors in nude mice, have enhancedlevels of plasminogen activators and have lost the ability toform model bone matrix on extended culture in the presence ofascorbic acid and ß-glycerophosphate. A number ofcell lines have been established from nude mouse tumors. Cytogeneticanalysis reveals 16 marker chromosomes and an aberrant chromosome16. This is the first report of the transformation of a humancell line to tumorigenic phenotype by a metal carcinogen. 相似文献
3.
4.
118 multibacillary leprosy patients with differential manifestations were studied for the antigens they expressed at MHC loci to investigate the role of human leukocyte antigens in the differential response to the same causative agent. While the lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients showed a significant increase of Bw60, DR2, DRw8 and DQw1, borderline lepromatous (BL) patients had Bw52, DR9 and DQw7 significantly more often as compared to the normal controls. A comparison of LL, BL and mid-borderline (BB) patients showed a significantly higher frequency of Bw60 in LL patients as compared to the BL. However, Bw52, Bw53, DR9 and DQw7 were found significantly more often in the BL patients as compared to the LL patients but the difference failed to reach significance after pc. A comparison of HLA antigens in BB patients with those of either the LL or BL patients did not show any significant differences. 相似文献
5.
Guo-Wei Ma Martin Pytel Ana Luisa Trejos Victoria Hornblower Jennifer Smallwood Rajni Patel Aaron Fenster Richard A Malthaner 《Computer aided surgery》2007,12(5):270-277
OBJECTIVE: Interstitial brachytherapy is becoming an accepted treatment option for lung cancer patients for whom surgery poses a high risk. Robotic surgery has the potential to deliver brachytherapy seeds into tumors while keeping surgeons at a safe distance from the radioactive source. Our aim was to compare the accuracy, number of attempts, and time needed to place seeds next to a target when using a manual technique, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and the ZEUS robot for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). METHODS: A brachytherapy seed injector was developed and attached to one of the ZEUS robotic arms. Four subjects each inserted inactive dummy brachytherapy seeds into clear agar-gelatin cubes containing a 1.6-mm stainless steel ball target. Two orthogonal radiographs were taken of each agar cube, and the corresponding distances were measured in triplicate using ImageJ processing software. The mean distance between the center of each seed and the corresponding target was calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance, t-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 384 tests (128 for each technique) were performed. The median accuracies for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 1.8 mm (range: 0.9-6.7 mm), 2.4 mm (range: 1.0-11.3 mm), and 3.6 mm (range: 1.3-16.7 mm), respectively (p < 0.01). The median numbers of attempts for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 1 (range: 1-5), 4 (range: 1-14), and 3 (range: 1-20), respectively (p < 0.01). The median times for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 3.0 s (range: 1-43 s), 86.5 s (range: 6-372 s), and 64.5 s (range: 5-356 s), respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The manual technique is the most accurate, least traumatic, and fastest method of inserting seeds into tumors. The ZEUS robotic platform was able to place seeds beside a target within a clinically acceptable distance, with an acceptable amount of trauma and time required. It achieved results equal to or better than those obtained with VATS. 相似文献
6.
K. Nagamani Manisha Rani Vishnuvardhan Reddy Panduranga Rao Sushma Rajyalakshmi Sunitha Pakalapaty 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2022,40(1):12-17
PurposeNoroviruses are common viral agents in acute diarrhea in all age groups worldwide. Norovirus has been classified into 10 genogroups, GI to GX with over 48 genotypes among them the GII.4 genotype has evolved over time with a clear pattern of periodic variant replacement. Immunity is strain or genotype specific with little or no protection conferred across genogroups. The present study was aimed to determine the epidemiology, prevalent genotypes of norovirus in children below five years of age in the Hyderabad region, India.MethodsThe stool samples and clinical data were collected from 458 children below 5 years of age comprising of cases with acute gastroenteritis (n ?= ?366) and a control group (n ?= ?92) admitted to the pediatric ward. All the samples were tested for Norovirus by ELISA and RT-PCR. Sequencing was done for predominant strains.Results10.3% (n ?= ?38) of cases and 3.2% (n ?= ?3) of the control group were found to be Norovirus positive. Predominant genotypes were GII-82.5% followed by GI-12.5%.ConclusionSequencing and Phylogenetic analyses of 20 GII.4 strains was done. All of the isolates are clustered away from published the GII.4 variants thus suggesting the appearance of a new variant. 相似文献
7.
Rajni Rani S. A. Zaheer N. R. Suresh R. Walia S. K. Parida A. Mukherjee Rama Mukherjee G. P. Talwar 《Journal of clinical immunology》1992,12(1):50-55
Leprosy patients undergoing phase II trials in two hospitals of New Delhi, India, were HLA typed to see the association of HLA with differential responsiveness toMycobacterium w vaccine. The vaccine comprises an atypical, nonpathogenic mycobacterium,Mycobacterium w, which has cross-reactive antigens withM. leprae. Multibacillary patients who are lepromin negative are vaccinated at an interval of 3 months. Considerable improvement is evident in the patients in terms of a decline in bacterial indices and histopathological and immunological upgrading. But all the patients do not respond to the vaccine in the same manner; some are slow responders, while others are good responders. HLA-A28 and DQw3 (DQw8+9) were found to be associated with slow responsiveness, while DQw1 and DQw7 were found to be associated with a more rapid responsiveness to theM. w vaccine. However, these associations were not significant afterP correction for the number of antigens tested for each locus except for HLA-DQw3 (DQw8 and DQw9) and DQw7. DQw7, a new defined split of HLA-DQw3, seems to be associated with the responsiveness toM. w vaccine. 相似文献
8.
9.
Granulosa Cell Tumors (GCT) constitutes 1.5% to 3.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. They may be solid, cystic or both. Unilocular cystic GCT are very rare. We report here a case of 32 years female with unicystic GCT in which the distinction from follicular cyst was difficult and was made by carefully examining the lining of the cyst,which showed occasional multiple layers of granulosa cells with a few Call-Exner bodies. 相似文献
10.
Selvaraj P Chandra G Jawahar MS Rani MV Rajeshwari DN Narayanan PR 《Journal of clinical immunology》2004,24(5):523-532
The regulatory role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants of Bsm I, Apa I, Taq I, and Fok I polymorphisms on vitamin D(3)-modulated macrophage phagocytosis with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lymphoproliferative response to M. tuberculosis culture filtrate antigen (CFA) was studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 46) and in normal healthy subjects (NHS) (n = 64). Vitamin D(3) at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) M enhanced the phagocytic potential of normal subjects who had a phagocytic index of less than 20%. This increase was seen in subjects with the genotypes BB (p = 0.017), AA (p = 0.016), tt (p = 0.034), and FF (p = 0.013) and the extended genotype BBAAtt (p = 0.034). Normal subjects with BBAAtt performed better phagocytosis than individuals with bbaaTT genotype (p = 0.034). Vitamin D(3) at 10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M concentrations suppressed the lymphoproliferative response to CFA antigen in normal subjects. This decreased lymphocyte response was observed in normal individuals with the genotypes BB (p = 0.0009), tt (p = 0.016), and FF (p = 0.008) and the extended genotype BBAAtt (p = 0.02). Addition of vitamin D(3) had no significant effect on macrophage phagocytosis and lymphoproliferative response to CFA in pulmonary TB patients. This may be due to the unresponsive nature of the cells to the action of vitamin D(3) or the downregulated VDR expression by virtue of the disease, which renders them inactive. The genotypes BB, tt, and the extended genotype BBAAtt may be associated with increased expression of VDR which in turn regulate the action of vitamin D(3) and modulate the immune functions to M. tuberculosis in NHS. 相似文献