雷公藤多甙与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响

本研究探讨雷公藤多甙(GTW)与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响。SD雄大鼠用棉酚及GTW各6 mg/kg/d,灌胃给药,每周6日,共11周。10只用药动物全部不育,附睾精子密度和活率也明显下降,而体重增长如常,性行为存在。睾丸光镜下结构绝大多数无明显异常,血清睾酮水平正常,副性腺重量无明显变化。停药6周后生育力恢复。在相同剂量下,单用GTW或棉酚均无抗生育效果。表明两药合用有相加作用,为减少棉酚和GTW副作用提供一条可能途径。     

Urea synthesis in heart muscle

Urea formation by the isolated rat heart was studied during perfusion with NH₄Cl (10 mM), mixtures of NH₄Cl (10 mM) and L-aspartic acid (10 mM) and L-ornithine (2.5 mM) with L-arginine (10 mM), L-glutamine (10 mM), L-alanine (10 mM), L-leucine (5 mM), and pyruvate (5 mM). The most effective activator of urea synthesis is NH₄Cl and L-arginine; L-leucine and pyruvate have an inhibitory action. It was shown with the aid of the isotope¹⁵N that ammonia fixation can take place in the heart tissue through the formation of urea. The quantity of¹⁵N incorporated into urea increases with an increase in the concentration of ammonium-¹⁵N acetate in the perfusion fluid from 1.6 to 3.4 mM. Isoproterenol necrosis of heart muscle leads to a significant increase in¹⁵N incorporation into urea.All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 165–168, February, 1980.     

Application of viable cryopreserved alloderm transplants in the treatment of wound defects of soft tissues

An original method is proposed for treatment of long-standing intractable wounds and trophic ulcers using viable cryopreserved allodermotransplants and a distant air-plasma treatment. The main source of the allodermotransplants is the cadaverous skin. It was shown that the cadaverous skin taken during 17 hours after the donor's death was viable. The maximum period for storage of the viable skin when the worked out preservative is used at the temperature regimen -18 degrees C is 10 days, and at -70 degrees C it can be as long as 45 days. The analysis performed included 101 patients with long-standing intractable wounds and trophic ulcers. In 51 of them the new worked out method was used. An analysis of clinical and histomorphological data has proved that the application of the viable cryopreserved allodermotransplants and distant air-plasma treatment favor the better course of reparative processes. By the end of the forth week the wounds were completely closed in 19.7% of patients, the wound areas were considerably less (more than by 50% of the initial size) in 43.1%, less reduction of the wound area (less than 50% of the initial size) in 27.4%, in 9.8% there was no effect. No negative results were noted. It should be noted that closure of the tissue defect can be achieved by stimulation of the physiological regeneration of the patient's tissues. This method of regeneration of the skin is effective in trophic ulcers, long-standing intractable wounds and is also recommended in case of deficit of donor resources or when the severe state of the patient does not allow active surgical treatment.     

Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide for neonates with pulmonary hypertension

Objective : Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been shown to cause selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improve ventilation-perfusion matching and may be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We report our experience on the use of iNO in neonates with severe PPHN.
Methodology : Inhaled NO was administered to 10 infants with PPHN and persistent hypoxaemia (meconium aspiration syndrome, n = 9; pneumonia, n = 1) after failure of conventional therapy to improve oxygenation. With the exception of one infant, iNO was commenced at 10 ppm.
Results : After 30 min exposure to iNO, the arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) rose from a median of 49 mmHg (6.5 kPa) [range 12-82 mmHg (1.6-10.9 kPa)] to 75 mmHg (10 kPa) [range 17-450 mmHg (2.3-60 kPa)] ( P = 0.005), while the median oxygenation index fell (pre-iNO of 37 vs post-iNO 20) ( P = 0.005) and median systemic arterial pressure rose (pre-iNO 46.5 mmHg (6.2 kPa) [range 32-63 mmHg (4.3 to 8.4 kPa vs post-iNO 54.5 mmHg (7.3 kPa) [range 36-74 kPa]) P = 0.005). All infants subsequently continued to receive iNO with the duration of exposure to iNO ranging from 12 to 168 h (median duration 100 h). Three infants died despite showing an initial beneficial response to iNO. The mean duration of intubation for survivors was 11.9 ± 2.6 days. Methaemoglobinaemia and toxic levels of nitrogen dioxide were not seen during iNO administration. Of the seven survivors, 12 month follow up in two infants and 4 month follow up in four infants showed age-appropriate neurodevelopmental skills, with one infant having very mild hearing loss.
Conclusions : Inhaled NO reduces the oxygenation index by improving the PaO₂ and decreasing ventilation pressures, and appears to be clinically useful in severely hypoxaemic infants with PPHN refractory to conventional treatment.     

Inhaled nitric oxide during emergency neonatal transportation

ABSTRACT Inhaled nitric oxide is currently being investigated as a selective pulmonary vasodilator for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. The use of continuous inhaled nitric oxide during emergency transportation of three critically ill neonates with meconium aspiration and pulmonary hypertension is described. The successful application of this technique may allow safer transportation of neonates who require high level intensive care including ongoing nitric oxide, high frequency ventilation and/or extracorporeal life support. Regionally based nitric oxide-equipped retrieval teams may relieve the pressure on smaller neonatal intensive care units to provide inhaled nitric oxide therapy and allow centralization of nitric oxide resources, thus facilitating development of expertise and the completion of meaningful research programs with substantial recruitment.