Between November 1984 and January 1994 in our department, a total of 2500 patients were treated with totally absorbable internal
fixation devices. We studied these patients and analyzed results with regard to the volume of the absorbable implants and
the development of wound infection. Of the 2500 patients 2044 were trauma patients and 456 were operated on for orthopedic
disease. In 1466 patients treated with implants made of self-reinforced polyglycolic acid (SR-PGA) only, the patients who
developed wound infection had a higher implant volume (P=0.07) than those who did not; this difference was close to statistical significance. In the 446 patients who received only
implants made of self-reinforced poly-l-lactic acid (SR-PLLA), the 5 who developed wound infection had a mean implant volume more than three times that of the non-infected
patients (P=0.01). We found that in the patients treated with the earlier SR-PGA implants, which contained a green staining material,
there was no correlation between implant volume and incidence of wound infections. On the other hand, both the non-stained
SR-PGA implants, which have been in clinical use since 1989, and the SR-PLLA implants, seem to be more predictable in terms
of wound infections. We believe that this difference, is largely due to the lower level of tissue reactions with these newer
implants. 相似文献
This study focuses on changes occurring in one area of life-style, social participation during retirement. The population consisted of four cohorts, born in 1905–06, 1909–10, 1917–18, and 1921–22. In the longitudinal study the members of the oldest cohort were interviewed five times at the ages of 66, 70, 74, 78 and 82 years. In the cohort study the subjects were interviewed at the age of 66. Interests decreased after the age of 78 among men and women. Also, formal social participation declined with age among men and women. There were no cohort differences among men, but among women formal social participation was higher in the younger cohorts than in the older ones. In the longitudinal study education correlated positively with the interests index at almost all ages among both men and women. In the cohort study correlations between interests index and education were lower in the younger cohorts than in the older ones.Paper originally presented at the XIVth International Congress of Gerontology, Acapulo, Mexico 18–23 June 1989. 相似文献
Background: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is widely used for postoperative analgesia. Its mechanism of action is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system, and acetaminophen is traditionally not considered to influence platelet function. The authors studied the dose-dependent inhibition of platelet function by acetaminophen in healthy volunteers.
Methods: Thirteen healthy male volunteers (aged 19-26 yr) were given placebo or 15, 22.5, or 30 mg/kg acetaminophen intravenously in a double-blind, crossover study. Ten and 90 min after infusion, platelet function was assessed by photometric aggregometry and by measuring release of thromboxane B2, analgesia by cold pressor test, and plasma acetaminophen concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: When triggered with 500 [mu]m arachidonic acid, median platelet aggregation (area under the curve) was 25.7, 22.8, 4.1, or 3.6 x 103 area units (P < 0.001) 10 min after placebo or 15, 22.5, or 30 mg/kg acetaminophen, respectively. An increasing concentration of arachidonic acid attenuated the antiaggregatory effect. After 90 min, platelet function was recovering. Release of thromboxane B2 was also dose-dependently inhibited by acetaminophen. Although plasma concentration of acetaminophen increased linearly with the dose, no analgesic effect was detected in the cold pressor test. 相似文献
RFLP studies were done in 82 (75%) of all known hemophilia A families in the Finnish population (approximately 5 million). Two intragenic RFLPs (Bc1I/F8A, XbaI/p482.6) and two extragenic markers (TaqI/St14, Bg1II/DX13) were used. Among 263 females at risk, carriership could be evaluated with an intragenic marker in 47% and with an extragenic marker in 26%. In 27% of the females, carriership could be neither excluded nor confirmed; 68% of these females were relatives of an isolated patient. Eight recombinations between the factor VIII gene (F8C) and DXS52 (lod 25.02 at theta max 0.06), eight recombinations between F8C and DXS15 (lod 21.91 at theta max 0.05), and two recombinations between DXS52 and DXS15 (lod 33.56 at theta max 0.01) were found. Using multipoint linkage analysis, the most likely order of loci supported by the data was: F8C-DXS15-DXS52-DXS134. RFLP segregation analysis provides a highly useful method of carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A, but its limitations must be carefully taken into account. 相似文献
Summary Keyboard work consists mostly of dynamic contractions of the small muscles of the forearms and hands. This is accompanied by continuous activity in the arm, shoulder and neck muscles keeping the head and hand in the correct position. Eliminating the weight from the arm by means of support and the position of the arms influences the electrical activity of shoulder muscles when working at a keyboard. We studied the influence of elbow angle, as well as that of different arm supports, on electrical activity of upper trapezius muscle during keyboard work in healthy workers and persons suffering from shoulder pains. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory. EMG activities, which where measured as mean square root (RMS)-values at every 100-millisecond period in trapezius muscle when working, were lower, the greater the elbow angle. Furthermore electrical activity decreased when subjects used arm supports while working. It is evident that the static load to shoulder muscles can be lowered significantly in keyboard work, when the forearms are at an angle of at least 100 degrees and by using arm supports. The most convienient and ergonomic working position can also be found individually be the method used here. 相似文献
Abstract: We examined the control of vascular tone in rat main superior mesenteric artery. Three standard rings (3 mm in length) of the mesenteric artery were cut, beginning 5 mm, 13 mm and 21 mm distally from the mesenteric arteryaorta junction. In noradrenaline-precontracted rings, relaxations to acetylcholine in the absence and presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac, did not differ in the studied sections. However, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, attenuated the diclofenac-resistant responses to acetylcholine more effectively in the proximal than the distal section. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, diminished relaxations evoked by acetylcholine only in the distal section, whereas the inhibitor of Ca2+ activated K+ channels, apamin, attenuated the responses in all sections. Furthermore, relaxation sensitivity to nitroprusside and isoprenaline was lower in the proximal than distal section. Arterial contractile sensitivity to noradrenaline and potassium chloride was higher, while the maximal contractile force generation was lower in the proximal than the distal part. In conclusion, in different sections of rat main superior mesenteric artery considerable variability was observed in vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses, as well as in the contribution of endothelial nitric oxide and endothelium-mediated hyperpolarization to vasodilation. Therefore, the present results emphasize the fact that only corresponding vessel segments should be used when investigating the control of arterial tone. 相似文献
Some characteristics of hemagglutination (HA) by the BK virus, a new candidate for the papovavirus group, have been studied. Hemagglutinin prepared from cell cultures was found to be partially masked by inhibitors which could be dissociated from the virus by incubation at 37 C or by fluorocarbon extraction. Optimal conditions for HA are outlined. In routine tests, 0.5% human erythrocytes were used. The reaction was carried out at pH 7.0 on ice-water slurry. BK hemagglutinin receptors on human erythrocytes were found to be more resistant to neuraminidase than polyoma receptors. By gradient centrifugation analysis, two types of particles were found to be responsible for HA: (i) full, deoxyribonucleic acid-containing particles with a density of 1.325 g/cm(3) and (ii) empty capsids with a density 1.29 g/cm(3). Based on particle counting, one HA unit was calculated to correspond to 3 x 10(6) virus particles. 相似文献
Protectin (CD59) is a glycophosphoinsitol (GPI)-anchored defender of human cells against lysis by the membrane attack complex of complement. In this study, we examined whether protectin released from human cell membranes can incorporate into the surface of gram-negative bacteria. Analysis by using radiolabeled protectin, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that protectin bound to nonencapsulated Escherichia coli EH237 (Re) and EH234 (Ra) in a calcium-dependent manner. The incorporation required the GPI-phospholipid moiety since no binding of a phospholipid-free soluble form of protectin was observed. Mg2+ did not enhance the binding, and a polysialic acid capsule prevented it (strain IH3080 [O18:K1:H8]). Bound protectin inhibited the C5b-9 neoantigen expression on complement-treated bacteria. Protection against complement lysis was observed in both a colony counting assay and a bioluminescence assay, where viable EH234 bacteria expressing the luciferase gene emitted green light in the presence of the luciferine substrate. In general, two- to four-times-higher serum concentrations were needed to obtain 50% lysis of protectin-coated versus noncoated bacteria. The results indicate that protectin can incorporate in a functionally active form into the cell membranes of the two nonencapsulated deep rough E. coli strains studied. 相似文献
Sleep in shift work has been studied extensively in regular shift systems but to a lesser degree in irregular shifts. Our main aim was to examine the sleep-wake rhythm in shift combinations ending with the night or the morning shift in two irregular shift systems. Three weeks' sleep/work shift diary data, collected from 126 randomly selected train drivers and 104 traffic controllers, were used in statistical analyses including a linear mixed model and a generalized linear model for repeated measurements. The results showed that the sleep-wake rhythm was significantly affected by the shift combinations. The main sleep period before the first night shift shortened by about 2 h when the morning shift immediately preceded the night shift as compared with the combination containing at least 36 h of free time before the night shift (reference combination). The main sleep period before the night shift was most curtailed between two night shifts, on average by 2.9 and 3.5 h among the drivers and the controllers, respectively, as compared with the reference combination. Afternoon napping increased when the morning or the day shift immediately preceded the night shift, the odds being 4.35-4.84 in comparison with the reference combination. The main sleep period before the morning shift became 0.5 h shorter when the evening shift preceded the morning shift in comparison with the sleep period after a free day. The risk for dozing off during the shift was associated only with the shift length, increasing by 17 and 35% for each working hour in the morning and the night shift, respectively. The results demonstrate advantageous and disadvantageous shift combinations in relation to sleep and make it possible to improve the ergonomy of irregular shift systems. 相似文献