全文获取类型
收费全文 | 406篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 46篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 49篇 |
口腔科学 | 4篇 |
临床医学 | 29篇 |
内科学 | 89篇 |
皮肤病学 | 6篇 |
神经病学 | 24篇 |
特种医学 | 9篇 |
外科学 | 89篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 18篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 33篇 |
肿瘤学 | 18篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1931年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有440条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
D. Lothschütz M. Jennewein S. Pahl H.F. Lausberg A. Eichler W. Mutschler R.G. Hanselmann M. Oberringer 《Inflammation research》2002,51(8):416-422
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Inflammatory and tumorous bronchi were screened in order to obtain new tumor relevant cytogenetic parameters. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS: Bronchial cells of 32 patients were cultivated by standard cell culture procedures. METHODS: Tetraploidy and aneuploidy was determined by enumeration of chromosome 7 and 8 versus the number of centrosomes. The resulting data were correlated with histopathological data. RESULTS: Tetra- and aneuploidy of epithelial cells were detectable in 76% of tumor cell cultures, 75% of high grade inflammatory tissues and 40% of non- and low grade-inflammatory tissues. Additionally, we observed centrosome hyper-amplification and multipolar mitoses not only in the tumor but also in the early stages of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory bronchi already show tumor-specific features and may consequently represent the preliminary genetic stage of cancer development in bronchi. 相似文献
2.
This paper reports the results of interviews with 190 parents of severely mentally handicapped children. Questions were asked about parents' satisfaction with the way they were first informed of the child's impairment. Most parents were informed by a doctor, and almost two-thirds were dissatisfied with the first information given. Satisfaction was associated with being told early in the child's life. There was a significant association between the time of telling and the diagnostic condition of the child: parents of children with handicap of no known pathology were more likely to be told during or after the second year of the child's life, while parents of children with Down's syndrome were most likely to be told at birth. The authors discuss ways in which parents can be helped through this difficult time and suggest procedures for breaking the news to parents in a sensitive way. 相似文献
3.
A necropsy study of the pathological findings in the digestive system of 19 renal transplant recipients revealed that gastrointestinal (GI), hepatobiliary, and pancreatic pathologies are common in renal transplant recipients. Fifteen of the 19 patients studied had GI pathology. Hepatobiliary pathology was the most common finding with all but one of the 19 cases exhibiting one or more abnormalities. Pancreatic abnormalities were less frequent with 11 patients demonstrating normal findings. 相似文献
4.
Schewe C Goldmann T Grosser M Zink A Schlüns K Pahl S Ulrichs T Kaufmann SH Nerlich A Baretton GB Dietel M Vollmer E Petersen I 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2005,447(3):573-585
The present study is based on the initiative for quality assurance in pathology of the German Society of Pathology and the Professional Association of German Pathologists. Four panel laboratories with experience and expertise in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected to establish the prerequisites for continuous external laboratory trials, in particular, by providing pre-tested specimens and evaluation criteria for participating institutes. In the first step, the four panel laboratories performed an internal trial to test their own reliability and reproducibility. Paraffin sections and DNA preparations from 34 tissues (25 clinical specimens and 9 controls) totalling to 66 samples were evaluated by each panel institute according to their own protocols. The methodologies differed and are described in detail. Despite these differences, a high degree of inter-laboratory reliability was achieved. In this report, we summarise our results including the correlation with the histology and provide recommendations for applying PCR-based methodology for the detection of mycobacterial DNA in surgical specimens. Supplementary data are available online at (rubric Forschung). Pre-tested specimens are now available for the external trial and can be ordered from the steering institute via Oligene (). All molecular pathology laboratories are invited to participate in this quality assurance initiative. 相似文献
5.
The gradual closure of a long-stay hospital is stressful for staff. Some may have doubts about the case for community care, and almost all are affected by uncertainty and by the provisional step-by-step changes as patients gradually move out. The maintenance of staff morale during the transition is therefore important and difficult. This article examines some of the stresses and misunderstandings, and suggests how they could be managed. 相似文献
6.
Carole K. Holahan Charles J. Holahan Katherine E. Velasquez Sooin Jung Rebecca J. North Sandra A. Pahl 《Women & health》2013,53(7):661-675
Physical activity in early midlife has important implications for women's health. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relation of purposiveness to leisure-time physical activity, as mediated by health investment, in a sample of women in early midlife. Participants were 211 women between the ages of 35 and 45 years (mean 40.55 years, SD = 3.11) who responded to the second wave of the study of Midlife Development in the United States. Participants were originally selected by means of a nationally representative random-digit-dialing procedure. A structural equation analysis of data with latent variables was conducted with MPLUS. Purposiveness was indexed by measures of purpose in life, personal growth, and future planning. Health investment was indexed by thought and effort committed to health and the extent to which individuals worked hard to stay healthy. Leisure-time physical activity was indexed by both moderate and vigorous leisure-time activity. Results, controlling for sociodemographic factors, showed that purposiveness was associated with more physical activity and that the relation between purposiveness and leisure-time physical activity was fully mediated by health investment. These results suggest that women with a sense of purpose may be better able to achieve acceptable levels of physical activity. 相似文献
7.
Dziennis S; Van Etten RA; Pahl HL; Morris DL; Rothstein TL; Blosch CM; Perlmutter RM; Tenen DG 《Blood》1995,85(2):319-329
CD11b is the alpha chain of the Mac-1 integrin and is preferentially expressed in myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages). We have previously shown that the CD11b promoter directs cell-type- specific expression in myeloid lines using transient transfection assays. To confirm that these promoter sequences contain the proper regulatory elements for correct myeloid expression of CD11b in vivo, we have used the -1.7-kb human CD11b promoter to direct reporter gene expression in transgenic mice. Stable founder lines were generated with two different reporter genes, a Thy 1.1 surface marker and the Escherichia coli lacZ (beta-galactosidase) gene. Analysis of founders generated with each reporter demonstrated that the CD11b promoter was capable of driving high levels of transgene expression in murine macrophages for the lifetime of the animals. Similar to the endogenous gene, transgene expression was preferentially found in mature monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils and not in myeloid precursors. These experiments indicate that the -1.7 CD11b promoter contains the regulatory elements sufficient for high-level macrophage expression. This promoter should be useful for targeting heterologous gene expression to mature myeloid cells. 相似文献
8.
Protein kinetics: structures of intermediates and reaction mechanism from time-resolved x-ray data
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Schmidt M Pahl R Srajer V Anderson S Ren Z Ihee H Rajagopal S Moffat K 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2004,101(14):4799-4804
We determine the number of authentic reaction intermediates in the later stages of the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein at room temperature, their atomic structures, and a consistent set of chemical kinetic mechanisms, by analysis of a set of time-dependent difference electron density maps spanning the time range from 5 micros to 100 ms. The successful fit of exponentials to right singular vectors derived from a singular value decomposition of the difference maps demonstrates that a chemical kinetic mechanism holds and that structurally distinct intermediates exist. We identify two time-independent difference maps, from which we refine the structures of the corresponding intermediates. We thus demonstrate how structures associated with intermediate states can be extracted from the experimental, time-dependent crystallographic data. Stoichiometric and structural constraints allow the exclusion of one kinetic mechanism proposed for the photocycle but retain other plausible candidate kinetic mechanisms. 相似文献
9.
10.
Miklos Z. Molnar Hirohito Ichii James Lineen Clarence E. Foster rd Zoltan Mathe Jeffrey Schiff S. Joseph Kim Madeleine V. Pahl Alpesh N. Amin Kamyar Kalantar‐Zadeh Csaba P. Kovesdy 《Seminars in dialysis》2013,26(6):667-674
In the last decade, the number of patients starting dialysis after a failed kidney transplant has increased substantially. These patients appear to be different from their transplant‐naïve counterparts, and so may be the timing of dialysis therapy initiation. An increasing number of studies suggest that in transplant‐naïve patients, later dialysis initiation is associated with better outcomes. Very few data are available on timing of dialysis reinitiation in failed transplant recipients, and they suggest that an earlier return to dialysis therapy tended to be associated with worse survival, especially among healthier and younger patients and women. Failed transplant patients may also have unique issues such as continuation of immunosuppression versus withdrawal or the need for remnant allograft nephrectomy with regard to dialysis reinitiation. These patients may have a different predialysis preparation work‐up, worse blood pressure control, higher or lower serum phosphorus levels, lower serum bicarbonate concentration, and worse anemia management. The choice of dialysis modality may also represent an important question for these patients, even though there appears to be no difference in mortality between patients starting peritoneal versus hemodialysis. Finally, failed transplant patients returning to dialysis appear to have a higher mortality rate compared with transplant‐naïve incident dialysis patients, especially in the first several months of dialysis therapy. In this review, we will summarize the available data related to the timing of dialysis initiation and outcomes in failed kidney transplant patients after returning to dialysis. 相似文献