全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1570篇 |
免费 | 160篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 253篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 203篇 |
内科学 | 279篇 |
皮肤病学 | 12篇 |
神经病学 | 221篇 |
特种医学 | 53篇 |
外科学 | 193篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 157篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 167篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 88篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 65篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 44篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 89篇 |
2006年 | 85篇 |
2005年 | 75篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
1925年 | 9篇 |
1924年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有1734条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Stephan Koter Tina U. Cohnert Korbinian B. Hindermayr Jörg Lindenmann Maximilian Brückner Wolfgang K. Oswald Georg Werkgartner Doris Wagner 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(4):1227-1232
Objective
Low psoas muscle area is shown to be an indicator for worse postoperative outcome in patients undergoing vascular surgical. Additionally, it has been associated with longer durations of hospital stay in patients with cancer who undergo surgery and subsequently greater health care costs in Europe and the United States. We sought to evaluate this effect on hospital expenditure for patients undergoing vascular repair in a health care system with universal access.Methods
Skeletal muscle mass was assessed on preoperative abdominal computed tomography scans of patients undergoing open aortic aneurysm repair in a retrospective fashion. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was used to define low muscle mass. Health care costs were obtained for all patients and the relationship between a low SMI and higher costs was explored using linear regression and cross-sectional analysis.Results
We included 156 patients (81.5% male) with a median age of 72 years undergoing elective surgery for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm in this analysis. The median SMI for patients with low skeletal muscle mass was 53.21 cm2/kg and for patients without, 70.07 cm2/kg. Hospital duration of stay was 2 days longer in patients with low skeletal muscle mass as compared with patients with normal (14 days vs 11 days; P = .001), as was duration of intensive care stay (3 days vs 1 day; P = .01). The median overall hospital costs were €10,460 higher for patients with a low SMI as compared with patients with a normal physical constitution (€53,739 [interquartile range, €45,007-€62,471] vs €43,279 [interquartile range, €39,509-€47,049]; P = .001). After confounder adjustment, a low SMI was associated with a 14.68% cost increase in overall hospital costs, for a cost increase of €6521.Conclusions
Low skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with higher hospital as well as intensive care costs in patients undergoing elective aortic aneurysm repair. Strategies to reduce this risk factor are warranted for these patients. 相似文献4.
AbstractAim: Competency-based medical education aims to foster mastery goals in learners. We examined medical students’ mastery approach (beneficial) and mastery avoidance (maladaptive) goals and their associations with students’ basic psychological needs, self-compassion, and self-efficacy.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study employing an online questionnaire. Two hundred medical students in all four years of the medical program completed the questionnaire, containing measures of mastery goals, basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), self-compassion, and self-efficacy. Regression analyses were performed.Results: Of the three basic psychological needs, the need for competence was significant in explaining both types of mastery goals. Self-efficacy and self-compassion were significant in explaining mastery approach and mastery avoidance goals, respectively.Conclusions: Creating learning environments that are supportive of students’ need for competence, raising students’ awareness of the value of learning from mistakes in competency acquisition, and providing opportunities for students to experience self-efficacy may foster beneficial mastery approach goals in medical students. 相似文献
5.
A family with idiopathic torsion dystonia (dystonia musculorum deformans) was seen in a peripheral clinic in the Richtersveld in the north-western Cape. This rare inherited form of neurological disease has maximal prevalence in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, and there is controversy regarding the exact mode of inheritance. The kindred documented in this study was of mixed ancestry (Cape Coloured), and autosomal recessive inheritance was suggested by the finding of affected male and female siblings born to normal parents in an isolated inbred community. 相似文献
6.
Walter S Speidl Markus Exner Jasmin Amighi Wolfgang Mlekusch Schila Sabeti Stefan P Kastl Gerlinde Zorn Gerald Maurer Oswald Wagner Kurt Huber Erich Minar Johann Wojta Martin Schillinger 《Journal of endovascular therapy》2007,14(1):62-69
PURPOSE: To investigate whether balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) increases serum levels of C5a and whether C5a predicts risk of restenosis. METHODS: C5a antigen was measured at baseline and 8 hours after intervention in 131 consecutive patients (76 women; median age 72 years) with intermittent claudication who underwent successful primary SFA balloon angioplasty. Patients were followed for a median 10 months [interquartile range (IQR) 6 to 14] for the occurrence of >50% restenosis by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: Median C5a levels increased significantly from 39.7 ng/mL (IQR 27.8 to 55.0) at baseline to 53.8 ng/mL (IQR 35.6 to 85.1, p<0.001) 8 hours post intervention. During the follow-up period, 70 (53%) patients developed restenosis. Increasing levels of C5a (quartiles) at baseline were significantly associated with an increased risk for restenosis (p=0.0092). Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for restenosis with increasing quartiles of baseline serum C5a levels were 1.24 (0.60 to 2.58), 1.93 (0.95 to 3.93), and 2.08 (1.02 to 4.21), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. This effect was independent of nonspecific inflammation as reflected by plasma levels of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mechanisms play a major role in the development of restenosis after angioplasty. The complement component C5a exerts strong chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. Enhanced complement activation prior to PTA, as measured by higher levels of C5a, was significantly associated with restenosis after SFA balloon angioplasty. Pathways of complement inhibition thus may be worth investigating with respect to improving patency rates. 相似文献
7.
K Lo G H Fletcher R M Byers R S Fields L J Peters M J Oswald 《International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics》1987,13(7):969-974
Between January 1966 and August 1981, 159 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the anterior faucial pillar or retromolar trigone received definitive radiation therapy at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. All except 11 patients were treated by external radiation including combination of electron beams with high-energy photons or 60Co to doses ranging from 60 Gy to 75 Gy. In the N0 patients, as a rule, only the ipsilateral subdigastric nodes were treated electively to a dose of 50 Gy. The 5-year determinate survival rate for the overall group was 83%. The cumulative recurrence rate showed that 92% of the patients had recurrence by 2 years. Therefore, all patients except those who died with no evidence of local disease less than 2 years after treatment were evaluated for local control. The failure rate for the evaluable patients was 29% for T1 lesions, 30% for T2 lesions, 24% for T3 lesions, and 40% for T4 lesions. After salvage surgery, which consisted of intraoral resection in one-third of the patients and of a composite operation in the other two-thirds, the ultimate failure rate was 0% for T1 lesions, 6% for T2 lesions, 8% for T3 lesions, and 20% for T4 lesions. Whereas stage was a poor indicator for treatment outcome, there was a significantly higher failure rate for infiltrative and/or ulcerated lesions (35%) than for exophytic or superficial lesions (15%). Histologic grade was of no prognostic significance, nor was there any significant difference in the failure rate for lesions originating on the anterior faucial pillar versus that for lesions on the retromolar trigone. Following radiotherapy, 30% of the patients developed some degree of bone exposure but only 5.6% (9 patients) required a segmental mandibular resection. The probability of bone exposure was not dose related and more likely reflected tumor location on the mucoperiosteum. Of the whole group, 16 patients (10%) experienced a neck failure with 8 ultimate failures after salvage surgery. Among the 16 patients who had neck failures, 13 were originally staged N0; 6 of these patients had failures that occurred in the electively treated ipsilateral subdigastric area, but the field was too small to cover the nodes adequately. Aspects of the radiotherapy techniques with combined electron and photon beams that may influence the treatment outcome are discussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on the healing of ischaemic skin wounds. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
F Zhang M P Lei T M Oswald Y Pang B Blain Z W Cai W C Lineaweaver 《British journal of plastic surgery》2003,56(4):334-341
The effect of exogenous vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) on wound healing in an ischaemic skin flap model was evaluated in this study. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Normal incisional wound and H-shaped double flaps were used as the wound models. The study was divided into two parts. In Part I, VEGF protein levels were determined from the incisional and H-shaped ischaemic wounds at 12 and 24 h, postoperatively. In Part II, tensile strength and immunohistochemical stains were examined to determine the level of microvessel density (MVD) at 1 and 2 weeks, postoperatively in simple incisional wounds, ischaemic wounds, and ischaemic wounds following 1 ml (1 microg/ml) exogenous VEGF injections into the subcutaneous tissue. The results showed a significantly higher level of VEGF protein in the ischaemic wounds than the incisional wounds. Tensile strength was statistically higher in the incisional wound group and in the ischaemic flap wounds with VEGF treatment compared to the ischaemic flaps with no treatment at 1 week, postoperatively (p>0.05). MVD data indicated that ischaemic wound repair with VEGF treatment had significantly higher MVD than the normal incisional wounds and ischaemic wounds without treatment. We conclude that exogenous application of VEGF can increase early angiogenesis and tensile strength in the ischaemic wound. 相似文献