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Zelinski-Wooten MB; Slayden OD; Chwalisz K; Hess DL; Brenner RM; Stouffer RL 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):259-267
Large doses of antiprogestin typically disrupt menstrual cyclicity. A
chronic low-dose regimen of the potent new antiprogestin ZK 137 316, which
permits continued menstrual cyclicity but alters gonadal- reproductive
tract activity, was established. Rhesus monkeys received vehicle (n = 6) or
0.01 (n = 8), 0.03 (n = 8) or 0.1 (n = 5) mg ZK 137 316/kg body weight
daily for five menstrual cycles (C-1 to C-5). Oestradiol, progesterone and
gonadotrophin profiles were normal during cycles involving vehicle and 0.01
and 0.03 mg ZK 137 316/kg body weight. In the 0.1 mg/kg group, mid-cycle
oestradiol and gonadotrophin surges, and subsequent progesterone
production, were absent in C-3 and C-5. Ovarian cyclicity was accompanied
by timely menstruation in the vehicle and 0.01 mg/kg groups. By C-3, half
the animals in the 0.03 mg/kg group and all animals in the 0.1 mg/kg group
were amenorrhoeic. A corpus luteum was noted during the mid-luteal phase of
C-5 in the vehicle, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg groups. Large antral and
cystic follicles were evident in the 0.1 mg/kg group. Thus, a daily
treatment with 0.01 mg/kg ZK 136317 permitted normal menstrual cyclicity in
macaques. While the daily administration of 0.03 mg/kg ZK 136 317 allowed
ovarian cyclicity, menstruation was disrupted in some animals. Increasing
the dose to 0.1 mg/kg antagonized pituitary function and resulted in
anovulation and amenorrhoea. A chronic low-dose regimen of the
antiprogestin ZK 137 316, which permits normal ovarian/menstrual cyclicity,
has potential as a contraceptive in women.
相似文献
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Acute effects on systemic circulation after intratracheal instillation of Curosurf or Survanta in surfactant-depleted newborn piglets 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A Moen X-Q Yu R Almaas T Curstedt OD Saugstad 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(3):297-303
Systemic vasodilatation in surfactant-depleted newborn piglets is induced by 200 mg/kg of modified porcine lung surfactant (Curosurf™). The aim of this investigation was to study whether this effect is dependent on dose and could further be induced by instillation of a bovine surfactant preparation (Survanta™). Twenty-two 3–5-d old piglets were subjected to repeated saline lung lavage and then randomized to one of three groups. Instillation of either Curosurf 100 mg/kg ( n = 8), Survanta 100 mg/kg ( n = 7) or Curosurf 200 mg/kg ( n = 7) was performed through the endotracheal tube. Systemic vascular resistance decreased 7 (± 4)%, 15 (± 12)% and 18 (± 6)% in the three groups, respectively ( p < 0:05 in all three groups). A significant difference between the high and low dose Curosurf groups was found ( p < 0:05), whereas no significant difference was seen between the Curosurf 100 mg group and the Survanta group. The decrease in vascular resistance was compensated by an increase in cardiac output, resulting in a stable mean arterial blood pressure. In conclusion, both Curosurf and Survanta induce a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance in surfactant-depleted newborn piglets. A more pronounced effect was observed after 200 mg/kg than after 100 mg/kg of Curosurf. 相似文献
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Krithika Rajagopalan PhD Linda Abetz MA Polyxane Mertzanis MPH Derek Espindle MA Carolyn Begley OD MS Robin Chalmers OD Barbara Caffery OD MS Christopher Snyder OD MS J. Daniel Nelson MD Trefford Simpson PhD Timothy Edrington OD MS 《Value in health》2005,8(2):168-174
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the discriminative properties of two generic health-related quality of life (QoL) instruments (SF-36 and EQ-5D) and a newly developed disease-specific patient-reported outcomes instrument (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life (IDEEL)) to distinguish between different levels of dry eye severity. METHODS: Assessment of 210 people: 130 with non-Sjogren's Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (non-SS KCS), 32 with Sj?gren's Syndrome (SS) and 48 controls; comparison of SF-36, EQ-5D, and IDEEL age-adjusted data by dry eye severity levels. Severity was assessed based on diagnosis (non-SS KCS, SS, control), patient-report (none, very mild, mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe) and clinician-report (none, mild, moderate, severe). RESULTS: Discriminative validity results were consistent for all instruments. Significant differences between severity levels were found with most SF-36 scales (P < 0.05), all EQ-5D scales (P < 0.05), and all IDEEL scales (P < 0.0001), except for Treatment Satisfaction. IDEEL scales consistently outperformed the generic QoL measures regardless of the severity criterion used. Most SF-36 scales outperformed the EQ-5D QoL scale, but the EQ-5D visual analog scale outperformed the SF-36 scales, except for General Health Perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: The disease-specific IDEEL scales are better able to discriminate between severity levels than the majority of the generic QoL scales. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that the IDEEL will be sensitive to QoL changes over time, although further testing in controlled longitudinal studies is needed. 相似文献
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Christopher M Putnam OD PhD FAAO 《Clinical & experimental optometry》2017,100(4):333-340
Clinical research continues to provide an increasing number of studies that reveal an association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and both visual function and ocular health. As a result, there is a growing need for repeatable, accurate measures of MPOD that can describe peak optical density as well as spatial distribution. Measurement of MPOD in a research setting has an established history encompassing a number of both objective and subjective techniques. Transition of these techniques to a clinical setting has produced an array of commercial devices using three primary methods: heterochromatic flicker photometry, fundus autofluorescence and fundus reflectometry. The inherent differences among the techniques create difficulty in making direct comparisons between MPOD measurement devices. Understanding the limitations of each technique is critical in the clinical interpretation of MPOD results. Here, both the objective and subjective methods of MPOD measurement are reviewed with emphasis on the commercially available devices used in clinical settings. 相似文献
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Ranjay Chakraborty PhD BS Optometry Lisa A Ostrin PhD OD FAAO Alexandra Benavente-Perez PhD MS BS Optometry Pavan Kumar Verkicharla PhD BS Optometry 《Clinical & experimental optometry》2020,103(1):55-67
Our current understanding of emmetropisation and myopia development has evolved from decades of work in various animal models, including chicks, non-human primates, tree shrews, guinea pigs, and mice. Extensive research on optical, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms contributing to refractive error development in animal models has provided insights into eye growth in humans. Importantly, animal models have taught us that eye growth is locally controlled within the eye, and can be influenced by the visual environment. This review will focus on information gained from animal studies regarding the role of optical mechanisms in guiding eye growth, and how these investigations have inspired studies in humans. We will first discuss how researchers came to understand that emmetropisation is guided by visual feedback, and how this can be manipulated by form-deprivation and lens-induced defocus to induce refractive errors in animal models. We will then discuss various aspects of accommodation that have been implicated in refractive error development, including accommodative microfluctuations and accommodative lag. Next, the impact of higher order aberrations and peripheral defocus will be discussed. Lastly, recent evidence suggesting that the spectral and temporal properties of light influence eye growth, and how this might be leveraged to treat myopia in children, will be presented. Taken together, these findings from animal models have significantly advanced our knowledge about the optical mechanisms contributing to eye growth in humans, and will continue to contribute to the development of novel and effective treatment options for slowing myopia progression in children. 相似文献