全文获取类型
收费全文 | 405篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 5篇 |
妇产科学 | 3篇 |
基础医学 | 43篇 |
口腔科学 | 12篇 |
临床医学 | 36篇 |
内科学 | 58篇 |
皮肤病学 | 7篇 |
神经病学 | 48篇 |
特种医学 | 22篇 |
外科学 | 97篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 29篇 |
眼科学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 15篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 23篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1949年 | 2篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1924年 | 3篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
1914年 | 1篇 |
1908年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有430条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Akinola Ladipo Ladeinde Mobolanle Olugbemiga Ogunlewe Babatunde Olamide Bamgbose Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo Oluseyi Folake Ajayi Godwin Toyin Arotiba Jelili Adisa Akinwande 《Quintessence international, dental digest》2006,37(1):69-74
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to review all the cases of ameloblastoma seen at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between 1980 and 2003. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this retrospective study, case files and biopsy reports of new cases of ameloblastoma covering a 24-year period were retrieved and analyzed for sex, age on presentation, histologic type, and site distribution. RESULTS: A total of 207 cases of ameloblastoma were seen in the given period. One hundred and ninety-eight (95.7%) were benign, and 9 (4.3%) were malignant. A male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1 was found. The average ages on presentation for ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma were 31.67 and 46.44 years, respectively. The lesion was found to be more common in the premolar-molar region of the mandible. The most common histologic type was follicular ameloblastoma (25.1%). Nine (4.3%) cases of ameloblastic carcinoma were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Ameloblastoma with a predilection for the posterior mandibular region is relatively common in our environment. Sex and site distributions are similar to previous reports in the literature. 相似文献
2.
3.
Mia le Riche Annalise E Zemlin Rajiv T Erasmus M Razeen Davids 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》2007,97(10):968-970
BACKGROUND: Internationally, clinical guidelines recommend the use of creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for assessment and follow-up of kidney disease. The routine use of 24-hour creatinine clearances (CrCl) is no longer advocated. OBJECTIVES: To examine the indications for requesting CrCl at Tygerberg Hospital, identify problems associated with the procedure, and evaluate the utility of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations with different levels of renal dysfunction in the ethnic groups of the Western Cape. METHODS: A clinical audit of CrCl was performed. The estimated GFR as predicted by the modified CG and MDRD formulae was compared with CrCl in 252 patients, representing three local ethnic groups. MDRD formulae with and without the correction factor for black ethnic group (MDRD-B) were evaluated. RESULTS: Problems with urine collection or data supplied were identified in one-third of CrCl requests, leading to unreliable results. The CG correlated best with CrCl in the group as a whole. The average absolute and percentage differences from CrCl in the different ethnic groups were as follows: coloured (mixed ethnicity) (N = 186) - CG 13.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (18%), MDRD 16.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (23%) and MDRD-B 27.9 ml/ min/1.73 m(2) (38%); black (N = 21) - CG 14.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (19%), MDRD 12.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (17%) and MDRD-B 25.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (33%); white (N = 45) CG 13.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 (19%), MDRD 15.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (21%) and MDRD-B 24.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (35%). Throughout the renal function levels (chronic kidney disease stages 1 - 5) CG correlated better with CrCl than MDRD. CONCLUSIONS: Possible reasons for poor correlations include a high prevalence of obesity, underweight and normal GFR in the study population. There is a need for further research, using a gold standard, into the accuracy of these prediction equations in our unique patient populations before firm recommendations can be made regarding their use. Until then CrCl will continue to be widely used. Greater efforts at patient and health care worker education are required to ensure proper collections. 相似文献
4.
Fakhry Davids 《British Journal of Psychotherapy》2002,18(3):361-366
5.
Shafaque Rahman Mark Davids Patricia H. P. van Hamersveld Olaf Welting Hakim Rahaoui Frank Schuren Sybren L. Meijer Ren M. van den Wijngaard Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort Wouter J. de Jonge Sigrid E. M. Heinsbroek 《Nutrients》2021,13(4)
β-glucan consumption is known for its beneficial health effects, but the mode of action is unclear. While humans and mice lack the required enzymes to digest β-glucans, certain intestinal microbes can digest β-glucans, triggering gut microbial changes. Curdlan, a particulate β-glucan isolated from Alcaligenes faecalis, is used as a food additive. In this study we determined the effect of curdlan intake in mice on the intestinal microbiota and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The effect of curdlan on the human intestinal microbiota was assessed using i-screen, an assay for studying anaerobic microbial interactions. Mice received oral gavage with vehicle or curdlan for 14 days followed by DSS for 7 days. The curdlan-fed group showed reduced weight loss and colonic inflammation compared to the vehicle-fed group. Curdlan intake did not induce general microbiota community changes, although a specific Bifidobacterium, closely related to Bifidobacterium choerinum, was observed to be 10- to 100-fold more prevalent in the curdlan-fed group under control and colitis conditions, respectively. When tested in i-screen, curdlan induced a global change in the microbial composition of the healthy intestinal microbiota from a human. Overall, these results suggest that dietary curdlan induces microbiota changes that could reduce intestinal inflammation. 相似文献
6.
7.
Distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy: results of a Delphi consensus project
Robert M. Kay Kristan Pierz James McCarthy H. Kerr Graham Henry Chambers Jon R. Davids Unni Narayanan Tom F. Novacheck Jason Rhodes Erich Rutz Jeffrey Shilt Benjamin J. Shore Matthew Veerkamp M. Wade Shrader Tim Theologis Anja Van Campenhout Thomas Dreher 《Journal of children's orthopaedics》2021,15(3):270
PurposeThe purpose of this study was for an international panel of experts to establish consensus indications for distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a modified Delphi method.MethodsThe panel used a five-level Likert scale to record agreement or disagreement with 33 statements regarding distal rectus femoris surgery. The panel responded to statements regarding general characteristics, clinical indications, computerized gait data, intraoperative techniques and outcome measures. Consensus was defined as at least 80% of responses being in the highest or lowest two of the five Likert ratings, and general agreement as 60% to 79% falling into the highest or lowest two ratings. There was no agreement if neither threshold was reached.ResultsConsensus or general agreement was reached for 17 of 33 statements (52%). There was general consensus that distal rectus femoris surgery is better for stiff knee gait than is proximal rectus femoris release. There was no consensus about whether the results of distal rectus femoris release were comparable to those following distal rectus femoris transfer. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was an important factor for the panel, with the best outcomes expected in children functioning at GMFCS levels I and II. The panel also reached consensus that they do distal rectus femoris surgery less frequently than earlier in their careers, in large part reflecting the narrowing of indications for this surgery over the last decade.ConclusionThis study can help paediatric orthopaedic surgeons optimize decision-making for, and outcomes of, distal rectus femoris surgery in children with CP.Level of evidenceV 相似文献
8.
Ad F Roffel Joost H Davids Carolina R S Elzinga Doris Wolf Johan Zaagsma Heinz Kilbinger 《British journal of pharmacology》1997,122(1):133-141
- The muscarinic receptor subtypes mediating contraction of the guinea-pig lung strip and inhibition of the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic vagus nerve endings in the guinea-pig trachea in vitro have previously been characterized as M2-like, i.e. having antagonist affinity profiles that are qualitatively similar but quantitatively dissimilar compared to cardiac M2 receptors. The present study sought to establish definitely the identity of these receptor subtypes by using the selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, tripitramine. Guinea-pig atria and guinea-pig trachea (postjunctional contractile response) were included for reference.
- It was found that tripitramine antagonized methacholine-induced contractions of the guinea-pig lung strip with a pKB value of 8.76±0.05. Both the parallel shifts of the concentration-response curves and the slope of the Schild plot being not significantly different from unity (when antagonist preincubation was for 2 h) indicated the involvement of a single population of receptors in the contractile response. From the pKB values obtained with tripitramine and a range of other selective muscarinic receptor antagonists (cf. Roffel et al., 1993), this single population of receptors can only be classified as M2-like.
- Tripitramine antagonized methacholine-induced negative chronotropic and inotropic responses in guinea-pig right and left atria with apparent pKB values of 9.4–9.6. However, such values were only obtained when antagonist preincubation was relatively long and/or antagonist concentration relatively high (e.g. with 1 h at 100 or 300 nM but 3 h at 30 nM). It thus appears that low concentrations of tripitramine do not readily equilibrate with M2 receptors in guinea-pig atria nor with M2-like receptors in the guinea-pig lung strip.
- Tripitramine increased electrical field stimulation-induced cholinergic twitch contractions in guinea-pig trachea in concentrations of 0.3–100 nM, by blocking prejunctional muscarinic inhibitory autoreceptors; with higher concentrations, twitch contractions were progressively diminished, as a result of blocking postjunctional M3 receptors (apparent pKB value 6.07±0.15). The pEC20 value (−log concentration that increases twitch by 20% of maximum) was 8.29±0.08, which would suggest that M4 receptors are involved in this response.
- Oxotremorine-induced inhibition of the release of prelabelled [3H]-acetylcholine from guinea-pig trachea, under conditions where there is no auto-feedback, was blocked by tripitramine (2 h preincubation) with a pKB value of 8.56±0.06. The slope of the corresponding Schild plot was not significantly different from unity, which together with the parallel shifts of the concentration-response curves indicated the involvement of a single muscarinic receptor subtype.
- Since the pKB value for tripitramine at prejunctional receptors in guinea-pig trachea is in between the affinities towards M2 and M4 receptors, correlation plots were constructed to compare the pKB values obtained with tripitramine and a range of other selective muscarinic receptor antagonists (cf. Kilbinger et al., 1995) to reported affinities at M1–M4 receptors. This showed rather similar distribution patterns of the data points around the line of equality in the case of M2 and M4 receptor subtypes. However, the correlation coefficient was markedly better for M2 (0.9667) than for M4 (0.5976). Since recent evidence suggests that M4 receptors are not expressed in cholinergic nerves from guinea-pig trachea, it is concluded that prejunctional muscarinic autoinhibitory receptors in this tissue exhibit an atypical M2 type character, with a pharmacological profile distinct from cardiac M2 receptors.
9.
To study residential treatment outcome, a follow-up questionnaire sent to families of former child patients was used to assign them to categories of "good", "fair," or "poor" overall adjustment. The three groups were compared on variables such as presenting symptoms, duration of psychotherapy, amount of drug therapy, and prognosis on discharge; several therapist variables were also studied. Findings, some unexpected, are discussed. 相似文献
10.
The present analysis comprises 3 studies on the interrater reliability of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS; German version). To our knowledge this is the first empirical report on interrater reliability and on results of rater training of the German version of the PANSS despite the widespread use of the scale. In a total of 47 training participants with different clinical experience standardized PANSS rater training was carried out and subsequently evaluated. Therefore, concordance rates with an expert standard (C) and weighted coefficients kappa (kappa W) were calculated. As a main outcome of the studies, at least 3 training sessions were necessary but also sufficient to reach acceptable interrater reliability of the PANSS (C > 80%, kw > 0.60). In training participants with low psychiatric experience the level of interrater reliability of schizophrenic negative symptoms did not reach the results of positive symptoms after the training. Despite some conceptual limitations with respect to negative symptoms, the German version of the PANSS seems highly suitable to assess a broad spectrum of schizophrenic psychopathology in a reliable and economic manner. The present results also underline the practicability of our recommendations for conducting PANSS rater training in the clinical and scientific field as part of quality control and quality assurance in psychopathological assessment. 相似文献