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1.
Effects of opsonization and gamma interferon on growth of Brucella melitensis 16M in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro
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Eze MO Yuan L Crawford RM Paranavitana CM Hadfield TL Bhattacharjee AK Warren RL Hoover DL 《Infection and immunity》2000,68(1):257-263
Entry of opsonized pathogens into phagocytes may benefit or, paradoxically, harm the host. Opsonization may trigger antimicrobial mechanisms such as reactive oxygen or nitric oxide (NO) production but may also provide a safe haven for intracellular replication. Brucellae are natural intramacrophage pathogens of rodents, ruminants, dogs, marine mammals, and humans. We evaluated the role of opsonins in Brucella-macrophage interactions by challenging cultured murine peritoneal macrophages with Brucella melitensis 16M treated with complement- and/or antibody-rich serum. Mouse serum rich in antibody against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (aLPS) and human complement-rich serum (HCS) each enhanced the macrophage uptake of brucellae. Combinations of suboptimal levels of aLPS (0. 01%) and HCS (2%) synergistically enhanced uptake. The intracellular fate of ingested bacteria was evaluated with an optimal concentration of gentamicin (2 microg/ml) to control extracellular growth but not kill intracellular bacteria. Bacteria opsonized with aLPS and/or HCS grew equally well inside macrophages in the absence of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Macrophage activation with IFN-gamma inhibited replication of both opsonized and nonopsonized brucellae but was less effective in inhibiting replication of nonopsonized bacteria. IFN-gamma treatment of macrophages with opsonized or nonopsonized bacteria enhanced NO production, which was blocked by N(G)-monomethyl L-arginine (MMLA), an NO synthesis inhibitor. MMLA also partially blocked IFN-gamma-mediated bacterial growth inhibition. These studies suggest that primary murine macrophages have limited ability to control infection with B. melitensis, even when activated by IFN-gamma in the presence of highly opsonic concentrations of antibody and complement. Additional cellular immune responses, e.g., those mediated by cytotoxic T cells, may play more important roles in the control of murine brucellosis. 相似文献
2.
Lipid peroxidation was assessed in the sera and various organs of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Thirty-six adult albino rats divided into 2 groups of eighteen rats each were used in this study. In experiment one, a group
of 18 rats were used and they were divided into three groups (A, B and C) of six rats each. Groups B and C rats were infected
with 1.54 × 105 trypanosomes per rat intraperitoneally, whereas group A served as uninfected control. The rats were bled on day 0 and subsequently
at 7-day intervals for packed cell volume (PCV), sera peroxidation index and parasitaemia. Also, temperature and weight were
taken on day 0 and subsequently at 7-day intervals. In experiment 2, 18 rats were also used. Six rats each were sacrificed
on days 0, 14 and 28-postinfection. Five rats each were sacrificed on day 14 and day 28 post-infection (PI) from group B,
and their organs were promptly collected and washed with normal saline and used for organ malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.
The infection led to an increase in lipid peroxidation index (MDA concentration) of sera samples. The serum MDA concentration
of the infected rat group was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in the uninfected group on days 21 and 28 PI. The increase was however reversed by diminazene aceturate
(Berenil; Hoechst, Ireland) treatment at the dosage of 7 mg/kg body weight administered on day 14 PI. The organ lipid peroxidation
index also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the eye, lung and spleen. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) increase of lipid peroxidation index in the kidney, heart, liver, testes and brain. Also, the mean weekly MDA concentration
increased as the disease progressed, the mean weekly temperature and parasitaemia also increased, but the reverse was the
case with the mean weekly body weight and PCV which declined as the disease progressed. The findings are indication that oxidative
stress plays an important role in the pathology of trypanosomosis. 相似文献
3.
Leishmaniases are emerging as an important disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons living in several sub-tropical and tropical regions around the world, including the Mediterranean. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is spreading at an alarming rate in Africa and the Indian subcontinent, areas with very high prevalence of leishmaniases. The spread of HIV into rural areas and the concomitant spread of leishmaniases to suburban/urban areas have helped maintain the occurrence of Leishmania/HIV co-infection in many parts of the world. The number of cases of Leishmania/HIV co-infection is expected to rise owing to the overlapping geographical distribution of the two infections. In Southwestern Europe, there is also an increasing incidence of Leishmania/HIV co-infection (particularly visceral leishmaniasis) in such countries as France, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Studies suggest that in humans, very complex mechanisms involving dysregulation of host immune responses contribute to Leishmania-mediated immune activation and pathogenesis of HIV. In addition, both HIV-1 and Leishmania infect and multiply within cells of myeloid or lymphoid origin, thereby presenting a perfect recipe for reciprocal modulation of Leishmania and HIV-1-related disease pathogenesis. Importantly, because recovery from leishmaniases is associated with long-term persistence of parasites at the primary infection sites and their draining lymph nodes, there is very real possibility that HIV-mediated immunosuppression (due to CD4+ T cell depletion) could lead to reactivation of latent infections (reactivation leishmaniasis) in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present an overview of the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania/HIV co-infection and the implications of this interaction on Leishmania and HIV disease outcome. 相似文献
4.
Correlation of intraoperative cytological and final histological diagnoses: A retrospective 10‐year study of neurosurgical cases from Ibadan,Nigeria
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A. Salami M.B.B.S. A. Azeez M.B.B.S. A. Malomo M.B.B.S. A. Oluwasola M.B.B.S. A. Adeleye M.B.B.S. G. Ogun M.B.B.S. A. Adeoye M.B.C.H.B. A. Adeolu M.B.C.H.B. C. Okolo M.B.B.S. U. Eze M.B.B.S. Y. Abdullahi M.B.B.S. A. Lawan M.B.B.S. J. Ogunbiyi M.B.B.S. E. Akang M.B.B.S. M. Shokunbi M.B.B.S. 《Diagnostic cytopathology》2015,43(3):195-201
5.
Ndubueze Ezemba John C. Eze Ikechukwu A. Nwafor Kenneth C. Etukokwu Obinna I. Orakwe 《World journal of surgery》2014,38(9):2352-2357
Background
Corrosive esophageal stricture is a major cause of morbidity among Nigerians. In most cases, this follows accidental or parasuicidal ingestion of caustic sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) often used in the local production of soaps. Various treatment modalities have been advocated for the treatment of esophageal stricture. In this study, we review the results of our adopted technique in the past 10 years for pedicled colonic interposition.Methods
This is a retrospective study of 21 patients who underwent substernal isoperistaltic pedicled colonic interposition graft for management of corrosive esophageal stricture. The right colon was pulled up into the neck in all the patients without resecting the strictured esophagus.Results
Long segment strictures and multiple strictures were the main indications for the procedure. The mean duration of the procedure was 339.6 ± 71.1 min. The average intraoperative blood loss was 673.1 ± 398.1 mL. There were two (9.5 %) hospital mortalities. Graft infarction (9.5 %), cervical fistulae (19.0 %), and reflux neo-esophagitis (14.3 %) were the main non-fatal complications. In the mid-term, dysphagia was completely relieved in a little over 84 % (16/19) of patients, while one patient (4.8 %) still experienced reflux neo-esophagitis requiring treatment. There was no case of gross regurgitation or nocturnal aspiration in the mid-term.Conclusions
Although the use of pedicled colonic interposition graft offers a good mid-term functional outcome with relief of dysphagia, early postoperative morbidity is high. Graft infarction is the single most important factor for poor functional outcome and every effort must be made to prevent its occurrence. 相似文献6.
Background
Minimal access surgery has revolutionized surgery practice. Its proven advantages, such as reduced postoperative pain, early return to unrestricted activities, and better cosmesis, have become important drivers for its rapid development. In sub-Saharan Africa this development has been slow. The aim of the current study was to describe the challenges and outcomes of laparoscopic procedures in a public hospital that caters to a predominantly rural population.Material and methods
The first 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic procedure in the Department of Surgery at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria were retrospectively analyzed. Data were retrieved from the medical records department as well as the surgical theater procedure register. The focus of the study was on patient demographics, indication for surgery, procedure performed, length of hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality data. Staff training was done locally and abroad.Results
Altogether, 100 patients had laparoscopic surgery in our general surgery unit from September 2007 through July 2013. The ages of the patients was 5–75 years (median 36.5 years). The three main procedures were cholecystectomy (36 %), diagnostic laparoscopy (29 %), and appendectomy (21 %). The other operations performed included liver abscess drainage (7 %), adhesiolysis (3 %), hernia repair (1 %), and Heller’s myotomy (1 %). Four cases were converted to open surgery. There were no deaths. There were 14 grades I and II postoperative complications in nine patients.Conclusions
Our study suggests that basic laparoscopic procedures could be offered safely to our resource-poor rural population. It is a platform on which we can hopefully introduce advanced laparoscopic surgical operations. 相似文献7.
8.
Mohamad Faiz Mukhtar Gunam Resul Abdul Rehman Ana María Lpez Fernndez Valentine C. Eze Adam P. Harvey 《RSC advances》2021,11(52):33027
This study reports substantial improvement in the process for oxidising α-pinene, using environmentally friendly H2O2 at high atom economy (∼93%) and selectivity to α-pinene oxide (100%). The epoxidation of α-pinene with H2O2 was catalysed by tungsten-based polyoxometalates without any solvent. The variables in the screening parameters were temperatures (30–70 °C), oxidant amount (100–200 mol%), acid concentrations (0.02–0.09 M) and solvent types (i.e., 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, p-cymene and acetonitrile). Screening the process parameters revealed that almost 100% selective epoxidation of α-pinene to α-pinene oxide was possible with negligible side product formation within a short reaction time (∼20 min), using process conditions of a 50 °C temperature in the absence of solvent and α-pinene/H2O2/catalyst molar ratio of 5 : 1 : 0.01. A kinetic investigation showed that the reaction was first-order for α-pinene and catalyst concentration, and a fractional order (∼0.5) for H2O2 concentration. The activation energy (Ea) for the epoxidation of α-pinene was ∼35 kJ mol−1. The advantages of the epoxidation reported here are that the reaction could be performed isothermally in an organic solvent-free environment to enhance the reaction rate, achieving nearly 100% selectivity to α-pinene oxide.Products obtained from the oxidation of α-pinene with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of tungsten-based polyoxometalates (α-pinene 1, α-pinene oxide 2, pinanediol 3, campholenic aldehyde 4, sobrerol 5, verbenol 6 and verbenone 7). 相似文献
9.
Eze NN Wyatt ME Hartley BE 《International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology》2005,69(6):843-846
OBJECTIVE: The use of the anterior cricoid split (ACS) procedure has facilitated the extubation of children with early subglottic stenosis who may otherwise have required a tracheostomy. Criteria have been established for the evaluation of patients suitable for ACS and adherence to these guidelines has increased the extubation rate and reduced mortality. The objective of the study was to assess the use of the procedure at our tertiary referral centre. METHOD: In this retrospective clinical study, 33 patients were identified over an 11-year period between 1993 and 2004 with subglottic narrowing at the level of the cricoid ring, and who subsequently underwent an ACS. Demographic data, duration of intubation, indication and number of reintubations, success rate and complications were noted. Patients included in the study were infants who repeatedly failed trials of extubation and those who presented with persistent stridor. RESULTS: Twenty-nine out of 33 (88%) children were successfully extubated as a result of the cricoid split procedure. Four children failed extubation after the cricoid split. Three required a tracheostomy and one child remained intubated for a prolonged period. CONCLUSION: The anterior cricoid split procedure has revolutionised the management of early subglottic stenosis in selected neonates with failed extubation. It is a safe operation, and if successful it avoids the formation of a tracheostomy. 相似文献
10.