麦冬类中药组织切片计算机三维重建图鉴

利用计算机技术实现麦冬类中药组织连续切片三维重建与动态显示,为计算机辅助生药学鉴定和教学提供了新的三维图像技术和研究资料。     

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮张正奇，曾鸽鸣，刘传桂，黎艳飞（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）碳糊电极无毒，制作方便，表面更新容易，应用电位范围广，在药物分析中已有应用［１～５］。我们在液体石腊中加入添加剂，组成混合粘合剂，可显著改善电极的检...     

Post-rejection ureteral obstruction owing to ureteral adherence to graft inferior pole

We describe 2 renal transplant patients with increasing plasma creatinine levels after resolution of acute rejection episodes. Antegrade pyelography demonstrated adherence of the ureter to the inferior pole of the kidney with partial obstruction in both cases, which was confirmed at operation.     

Reversible shifts in the Ca2+-dependent release of aspartate and glutamate from hippocampal slices with changing glucose concentrations

It is known that low glucose concentrations increase the aspartate and decrease the glutamate content of brain tissue both in vivo and in vitro. To see whether these changes occur in the transmitter compartment or not, the release of aspartate and glutamate evoked by electrical-field stimulation or by high K+ was followed in slices of rat hippocampus superfused with 5 or 0.2 mM glucose. Superfusion with 0.2 mM glucose increased the evoked release of aspartate about ten times and that of glutamate about threefold. This shift in the ratio of aspartate to glutamate released was accompanied by a similar increase in the relative amount of aspartate contained in the slices. The high evoked release of aspartate and glutamate was well maintained, provided 0.5 mM glutamine was added to the medium. Changing the concentration of glucose after the first period of stimulation rapidly altered the relative amounts of aspartate and glutamate released but not the enhanced release of glutamate. The large evoked release of both aspartate and glutamate in 0.2 mM glucose was almost entirely Ca2+-dependent. The relative amounts of aspartate and glutamate released by 50 mM K+ also changed when the glucose concentration was reduced. Results suggest two effects of low glucose concentrations: an increase in the overflow of synaptically released glutamate due to a decreased uptake and an increase in the proportion of aspartate to glutamate formed and released from the transmitter pool. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that these two transmitters can be released in different proportions from the same terminals.     

In situ saphenous vein bypass grafts: angiographic evaluation and interventional repair of complications

In situ saphenous vein grafts are being used with increasing frequency for bypass procedures involving the femoral and popliteal arteries. Complications of these procedures include anastomotic stenoses and persistent arteriovenous fistulae that may result in failure of the graft. Balloon angioplasty and embolotherapy with detachable balloons were employed successfully in three or four recent cases of patients with complications from in situ grafts. Tailored angiography is essential for evaluating in situ grafts, and interventional techniques are extremely useful for managing complications.     

Actions of ethanol and acetate on rat cortical neurons: ethanol/adenosine interactions.

Recent studies have suggested that ethanol may exert some of its central depressant actions by increasing the extracellular levels of adenosine in the brain. Ethanol can inhibit the cellular uptake of adenosine, thus increasing its extracellular concentration. After ethanol metabolism by the liver, blood acetate levels are elevated and acetate metabolism in the brain could also lead to the production of adenosine. Rat cerebral cortical cup release experiments failed to reveal any elevation in the extracellular levels of either adenosine or inosine following the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of ethanol (1.5 g/kg) or acetate (2 g/kg). IP-administered ethanol (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) enhanced the magnitude and duration of the inhibition by iontophoretically applied adenosine of the spontaneous firing of rat cerebrocortical neurons; an action which would be consistent with the block of adenosine uptake. Acetate, applied iontophoretically, depressed the spontaneous firing of 63% of the cerebrocortical neurons tested. 8-p-Sulphophenyltheophylline, an adenosine antagonist, was ineffective at blocking these inhibitions, indicating that adenosine generation is unlikely to have played a major role in the acetate-evoked depression of cerebral cortical neurons.     

Association between pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma, malignant liver cysts, and polycystic disease of the kidney

Polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant disease that may be associated with cystic disease of the liver. In women, the cysts may develop early and be more troublesome than in men. Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas is uncommon, comprising 1% of primary pancreatic malignancies. This case report is the first to describe a familial association between polycystic kidney disease and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas and liver in the English medical literature. A patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and multiple hepatic cysts developed cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas with multiple malignant liver cysts. The patient's mother, sister, and niece had ADPKD, and the patient's sister also died of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma. We believe that the development of these two disease entities in which the primary pathology is cyst formation has a genetic association. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jun;112(6):2104-7)