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排序方式: 共有1940条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
顺铂聚乳酸微球的药物释放特性及肝动脉栓塞研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对顺铂聚乳酸微球进行了体外药物释放和家犬肝动脉栓塞研究。该微球粒径范围为50~200μm,平均粒径为115.76±35.94μm,顺铂含量为37.16%(W/W);体外药物释放机制符合Higuchi方程;肝动脉栓塞后8h,肝组织顺铂浓度高达21.55±12.18μg/g,明显高于肝动脉灌注顺铂组:3.16±0.09μg/g(P<0.05);肝动脉栓塞组的顺铂血浓峰值、各取血点浓度及曲线下面积AUC皆低于肝动脉灌注顺铂组。可望达到提高栓塞部位的药物疗效,降低全身毒副反应的作用。 相似文献
2.
PC Chamyal A Mehta SL Ojha JR Bhardwaj 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》1991,43(1):26-27
Primary tuberculous pathology in nasolpolypi is a rare condition. A case of bilateral ethmoidal polypi with tubercular lesion diagnosed on histopathologlcal examination is being reported and the available relevant literature has been reviewed. 相似文献
3.
Advanced diabetic glomerulopathy. Quantitative structural characterization of nonoccluded glomeruli 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Quantitative ultrastructural data were obtained from kidney biopsy material of 12 long-term insulin-dependent diabetics. All patients had overt diabetic nephropathy with increased urinary albumin excretion and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Renal clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was in the range of 16-50 ml X min-1 X 1.73 m-2. All patients received antihypertensive treatment. A combined light- and electron-microscope study was performed. A significant proportion of the glomeruli was totally occluded (mean 36%, range 24-67%). Structural data presented relate only to the open, still-functioning glomeruli. Comparison with data previously obtained showed that the thickness of the peripheral basement membrane [647 nm, coefficient of variation (C.V.) 0.22] was more than twice the normal value (310 nm, C.V. 0.08); the width of epithelial foot processes (352 nm, C.V. 0.07) was significantly greater than in normal biopsies (224 nm, C.V. 0.06); and the mean volume of the open glomeruli was markedly increased compared with normal and clearly exceeded that in the early diabetic hypertrophy. Total mesangial volume and total basement membrane material per open glomerulus were increased by 277 and 614%, respectively. However, capillary length and surface per open glomerulus were similar to those observed in early diabetic hypertrophy. These findings suggest that a late glomerular hypertrophy with preservation of capillary surface occurs as a compensatory phenomenon, prolonging renal survival for diabetic nephropathy patients. 相似文献
4.
J. Åberg B. Abrahamsson M. Grind G. Nyberg B. Olofsson 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,52(6):471-477
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether bioequivalence is achieved for a new fixed combination of extended-release
(ER) felodipine and controlled-release (CR/ZOK) metoprolol␣compared with the free combination of felodipine ER metoprolol
CR/ZOK. The second aim was to study whether there was an interaction in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between felodipine
and metoprolol when administered as ER formulation.
Methods: Two four-way cross-over studies were performed in 36 young subjects and 24 elderly subjects with frequent measurement of
drug plasma concentrations, blood pressures and heart rate. The pharmacokinetic analysis included enantioselective analysis
in six subjects.
Results: Bioequivalence between the fixed combination and the free combination was observed for the two drugs (mean difference 27%)
except for a minor deviation regarding Cmax of metoprolol in the elderly. No significant interaction was shown except for a small increase (6%) of metoprolol AUC in
the younger subjects. Mean plasma S-/R-enantiomer ratios were almost identical for the different treatments. Blood pressure and heart rate was significantly reduced
for the fixed combination compared with felodipine ER in the younger and the elderly subjects. No significant difference regarding
pharmacodynamics was detected between the fixed combination and the corresponding free combination.
Conclusion: The fixed combination consistently provides fairly constant and effective felodipine and metoprolol concentrations after
once-daily administration of one tablet. It is clinically interchangeable with the free combination of metoprolol CR/ZOK tablets
and felodipine ER tablets. Finally, felodipine and metoprolol do not interact on a pharmacokinetic level when administered
as the fixed combination.
Received: 29 October 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 21 March 1997 相似文献
5.
BACKGROUND: Many patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseuse their medication inhalers incorrectly. General practitioners,pharmacists and other health care providers do not always havethe opportunity to instruct patients in correct inhaler technique. OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the inhaler technique and respiratory symptomsof patients can be improved after instruction by practice assistants. METHODS: Single blind, randomized intervention study in which 48 patientswho had been using a dry powder inhaler for at least one monthtook part. Their inhaler technique was videotaped on two visitswith a two-week interval between visits. The inhaler techniqueon the videos was subsequently scored by two experts on ninecriteria. At both visits the patients completed a questionnaireabout their respiratory symptoms. After the first video, 25patients were randomly chosen to receive instruction from oneof six practice assistants who had followed a one evening courseabout inhaler instruction, and who had been issued an instruction-set. RESULTS: The patients who received instruction had a significantly greaterreduction in number of mistakes at the second visit than thepatients who did not (P = 0.01). The instructed patients alsoreported less dyspnoea at the second visit (P = 0.03). No effectof instruction was found on wheezing, cough and sputum production. CONCLUSION: The inhaler technique of patients can be improved significantlyby the instruction of patients by trained practice assistants,possibly resulting in less dyspnoea. Keywords. Administration-inhalation, obstructive lung diseases, airways symptoms, patient-education, general practice. 相似文献
6.
The antiviral agent foscarnet has long been used in our unit to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in renal transplant
patients. The clinical effect has been convincing and, apart from changes in serum calcium levels, very few side effects have
been noted. We have, however, observed a nephrotoxic reaction in a series of patients with initially good renal function who
therefore received high doses of foscarnet. Transplant biopsies performed in five of those patients revealed degenerative
changes in the tubular epithelial cells as well as tubular calcium deposits and an infiltration of the interstitium by mixed
mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Renal insufficiency was accompanied by high fever. After withdrawal of the drug,
the temperature rapidly normalized, whereas serum creatinine continued to rise for about 3 days and then fell back towards
previous levels. We conclude that transplant biopsies are of great value in distinguishing between a foscarnet nephrotoxic
effect and CMV nephritis, various forms of rejection, and other causes of impaired renal function. 相似文献
7.
Kinnison ML; Perler BA; Kaufman SL; Mitchell SE; Kadir S; Williams GM; White RI Jr 《Radiology》1986,160(3):727-730
In situ saphenous vein grafts are being used with increasing frequency for bypass procedures involving the femoral and popliteal arteries. Complications of these procedures include anastomotic stenoses and persistent arteriovenous fistulae that may result in failure of the graft. Balloon angioplasty and embolotherapy with detachable balloons were employed successfully in three or four recent cases of patients with complications from in situ grafts. Tailored angiography is essential for evaluating in situ grafts, and interventional techniques are extremely useful for managing complications. 相似文献
8.
Digital radiography of subtle pulmonary abnormalities: an ROC study of the effect of pixel size on observer performance 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Forty conventional radiographs with examples of mild interstitial infiltrates and subtle pneumothoraces and 40 normal studies of the chest were selected and digitized, with pixel sizes of 1.0, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mm. Observer performance tests were carried out using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conventional radiographs and digitized images were compared. The results indicate that, in such cases, diagnostic accuracy increases significantly as the pixel size is reduced, at least to the 0.1-mm level. We conclude that, for digital systems using screen-film or similar image receptors, use of a pixel size substantially larger than 0.1 mm may result in some loss of diagnostic accuracy. 相似文献
9.
To compare the normal extrahepatic portion of the fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein (FIUV) with varix of the FIUX, we prospectively measured the diameter of the FIUV in 150 uncomplicated second and third trimester pregnancies and compared these results with retrospective review of nine fetuses with varix of the FIUV as an isolated prenatal sonographic finding. The diameter of the normal FIUV increases linearly from approximately 3 mm at 15 menstrual weeks to approximately 8 mm at term (R = 0.92). The nine fetuses with FIUV varix had a FIUV diameter 6 to 12 standard deviations above the mean for age. Four (44%) of the nine fetuses with FIUV varix subsequently died, including one with trisomy 21. One of the remaining fetuses developed severe hydrops 2 weeks after the initial detection of the FIUV varix. FIUV varix appears to carry an increased risk of adverse fetal outcome, including fetal demise. 相似文献
10.
Scott L. Nyberg Arthur J. Matas Walter K. Kremers Jeffrey D. Thostenson Timothy S. Larson Mikel Prieto Michael B. Ishitani Sylvester Sterioff Mark D. Stegall 《American journal of transplantation》2003,3(6):715-721
We previously proposed a quantitative approach to assess donor organs for cadaver renal transplantation. To improve on our original scoring system, we studied 34 324 patients who received cadaver renal transplants from adult donors between 1994 and 1999 and were reported to the UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry. A scoring system was developed from five donor variables (age, 0-25 points; history of hypertension, 0-4; creatinine clearance before procurement, 0-4; cause of death, 0-3; HLA mismatch, 0-3) that showed a significant correlation with renal function and long-term graft survival. Cadaver kidneys were stratified by cumulative donor score: grade A, 0-9 points; grade B, 10-19; grade C, 20-29; and grade D, 30-39. The influence of donor score on renal function and graft survival was most severe above 20 points, designated 'marginal' kidneys. In summary, a donor scoring system developed from a large population database was useful in predicting outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. The improved system provides a quantitative approach to evaluation of marginal kidneys and may improve allocation of these organs in cadaver renal transplantation. 相似文献