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排序方式: 共有631条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rob NM Weijers 《World journal of diabetes》2020,11(5):165-181
ResearchGate is a world wide web for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators. As one of the more than 15 million members, the author uploads research output and reads and responds to some of the questions raised, which are related to type 2 diabetes. In that way, he noticed a serious gap of knowledge of this disease among medical professionals over recent decades. The main aim of the current study is to remedy this situation through providing a comprehensive review on recent developments in biochemistry and molecular biology, which can be helpful for the scientific understanding of the molecular nature of type 2 diabetes. To fill up the shortcomings in the curricula of medical education, and to familiarize the medical community with a new concept of the onset of type 2 diabetes, items are discussed like: Insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, insulin sensitivity, cell membranes, membrane flexibility, unsaturation index (UI; number of carbon-carbon double bonds per 100 acyl chains of membrane phospholipids), slow-down principle, effects of temperature acclimation on phospholipid membrane composition, free fatty acids, energy transport, onset of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and exercise. Based on the reviewed data, a new model is presented with proposed steps in the development of type 2 diabetes, a disease arising as a result of a hypothetical hereditary anomaly, which causes hyperthermia in and around the mitochondria. Hyperthermia is counterbalanced by the slow-down principle, which lowers the amount of carbon-carbon double bonds of membrane phospholipid acyl chains. The accompanying reduction in the UI lowers membrane flexibility, promotes a redistribution of the lateral pressure in cell membranes, and thereby reduces the glucose transporter protein pore diameter of the transmembrane glucose transport channel of all Class I GLUT proteins. These events will set up a reduction in transmembrane glucose transport. So, a new blood glucose regulation system, effective in type 2 diabetes and its prediabetic phase, is based on variations in the acyl composition of phospholipids and operates independent of changes in insulin and glucose concentration. UI assessment is currently arising as a promising analytical technology for a membrane flexibility analysis. An increase in mitochondrial heat production plays a pivotal role in the existence of this regulation system. 相似文献
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To investigate whether the secular trend for growth in Dutch children still exists, the Oosterwolde I study of 1980 was repeated in 1989. A persisting secular trend was visible for height while the z scores of body proportions show no change during the past 10 years, which suggests that there is no change in the timing of puberty. 相似文献
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A retrospective review of post-delivery antibody records was performed at a teaching hospital and a community hospital to determine the frequency of new red cell alloantibody production and transfusion during pregnancy. If alloantibody was undetected at delivery, it was assumed that alloimmunization had not occurred. When antibody was detected, a chart review was performed to determine if the antibody was present at the beginning of the pregnancy or was newly produced during the pregnancy. A total of 17,568 pregnancies were reviewed. Antibody was detected at delivery in 948 (5.4%) cases, of which 89.5 percent (848/948) involved passive anti-D or clinically insignificant antibodies. The remaining 100 pregnancies involved clinically significant IgG antibodies. In 58 pregnancies, the antibody was detected in the first trimester, and in 42, new antibody production occurred during the pregnancy. Thus, the prevalence of new antibody production during pregnancy was 0.24 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.32). Transfusion records indicated that the prevalence of transfusions during pregnancy was 0.09 percent (95% CI, 0.04-0.14). None of the women with new alloantibody formation during their pregnancies required transfusion; hence, new alloantibody production and the need for transfusion appear to be independent events. The probability of these events occurring together was 2.1 × 10(-6), or 1 in 500,000 deliveries. 相似文献
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Zimmermann N Doepker MP Witte DP Stringer KF Fulkerson PC Pope SM Brandt EB Mishra A King NE Nikolaidis NM Wills-Karp M Finkelman FD Rothenberg ME 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2005,32(5):428-435
Asthma is a complex inflammatory pulmonary disorder that is on the rise despite intense ongoing research. We aimed to elucidate novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Employing asthma models induced by different allergens (ovalbumin and Aspergillus fumigatus), we uncovered the involvement of two members of the small proline-rich protein (SPRR) family, SPRR2a and SPRR2b, known to be involved in epithelial differentiation but not allergic disease. In situ hybridization revealed induction of SPRR2 signal in a subset of bronchial epithelial cells and mononuclear cells associated with inflammation after allergen challenge. Allergen-induced SPRR2 mRNA accumulation in the lung occurred in a time-dependent manner, with peak expression 10-96 h after a second ovalbumin challenge. Transgenic overexpression of interleukin (IL)-13 in the lungs resulted in a marked increase of SPRR2 expression, and allergen-induced SPRR2 expression was significantly decreased in IL-13-deficient mice. Studies in gene-targeted mice revealed that allergen-induced SPRR2 was dependent upon STAT6. Finally, we aimed to determine if the induction of SPRR2 by allergen was tissue specific. Notably, SPRR2 was markedly increased in the small intestine after induction of allergic gastrointestinal inflammation. Thus, SPRR2 is an allergen- and IL-13-induced gene in experimental allergic responses that may be involved in disease pathophysiology. 相似文献
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Impact of education for physicians on patient outcomes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
NM Clark M Gong MA Schork D Evans D Roloff M Hurwitz L Maiman RB Mellins 《Pediatrics》1998,101(5):831-836
10.
Beat Knechtle Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Thomas Rosemann Christoph A. Rüst 《Research in sports medicine (Print)》2017,25(1):67-77
We investigated trends in participation, performance and sex difference in performance in 3000 m freestyle in age groups swimmers (25–29 to 85–89 years) competing in the Fédération Internationale de Natation World Masters Championships between 1992 and 2014. During this period, participation increased in women and men. Women and men improved race times across years in all age groups. Women were slower in age groups 25–29 to 70–74 years. In age groups 75–79 and 85–89 years, however, race times were similar for both women and men. Sex difference in performance remained unchanged across years. In summary, performance improved across years in all age groups, men were faster than women up to the age group 70–74 years and women were not able to reduce the sex difference in performance to men across years. For athletes and coaches, an increase in participation and a continuous improvement in performance can be expected in these age group athletes. 相似文献