Standardisierte Kontrastmittelsonographie (CEUS) in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin (CEUS-Akut)

Die Anaesthesiologie -     

Recall of emotional and neutral words and paragraphs in traumatic brain injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in verbal recall deficits and impaired processing of emotion encoded in facial appearance, prosody and the linguistic content of messages. Emotion facilitates memory (emotional memory advantage) for non-brain injured (NBI) individuals but the impact of emotion on verbal recall for linguistically encoded stimuli in TBI has not been explored.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.

Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.

Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.

Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants.     

Comportements alimentaires de l’enfant et attitudes parentales: le point de vue de la psychologie expérimentale

Children show a clear preference, throughout development, for high energy density foods, and particularly for sweet and/or fat products. Most parents disapprove of this behavior, in the present context of high obesity prevalence and widespread acceptance of thinness as a model. Children’s appetite for such foods has adaptive value, so far as the growing child has not lost his/her ability for energy adjustment. A few studies suggest that excessive control over children’s food choices contributes to a loss of the child’s capacity to energy adjustment. Education models that include both the teaching of rules and adjustments to the child’s requests seem to facilitate the acquisition of adequate eating behaviors, which favor a varied diet and body weight control.     

The MMPI and premenstrual syndrome: profile fluctuations between best and worst times during the menstrual cycle

The MMPI was administered during the patient-perceived best time of the menstrual cycle and during the patient-perceived worst time of the cycle in order to examine the stability of MMPI profile configurations. Subjects were 214 women who were referred to two metropolitan outpatient premenstrual syndrome (PMS) clinics for moderate to severe premenstrual complaints. This sample was selected from 1,849 intake files after screening by strict selection criteria for PMS. The results indicate that there are wide fluctuations in profile patterns between the best and worst times of the menstrual cycle for a large number of patients. Caution in using the MMPI is strongly advised.