Generation of human monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformation of B lymphocytes and somatic cell hybridization techniques

Summary The use of Epstein-Barr virus to immortalize human B cells and generate monoclonal antibody-producting B cell lines is described.     

Half-life of polyreactive antibodies

Monoclonal polyreactive antibodies bind to a variety of self and foreign antigens. In contrast, monoclonal monoreactive antibodies bind to a single or restricted number of known antigens. The rate at which polyreactive antibodies are removed from the circulation compared to monoreactive antibodies has not been determined. In the present experiments, human monoclonal polyreactive and monoreactive antibodies of different isotypes were injected intravenously into mice and the clearance from the circulation was determined. The halflife of polyreactive IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies was 8.0, 8.2, and 9.8 hr, respectively, compared to 35.4, 26.6, and 280 hr for monoreactive IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies, respectively. Examination of tissue sections from animals given intravenous antibody showed substantial deposition of polyreactive, but not monoreactive, antibodies in several organs, the liver being the principal site of deposition. It is concluded that polyreactive antibodies are cleared from the circulation substantially faster than monoreactive antibodies.     

Enhancer Complexes Located Downstream of Both Human Immunoglobulin Cα Genes

To investigate regulation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain expression, we have cloned DNA downstream from the two human Cα genes, corresponding to the position in the mouse IgH cluster of a locus control region (LCR) that includes an enhancer which regulates isotype switching. Within 25 kb downstream of both the human immunoglobulin Cα1 and Cα2 genes we identified several segments of DNA which display B lymphoid–specific DNase I hypersensitivity as well as enhancer activity in transient transfections. The corresponding sequences downstream from each of the two human Cα genes are nearly identical to each other. These enhancers are also homologous to three regions which lie in similar positions downstream from the murine Cα gene and form the murine LCR. The strongest enhancers in both mouse and human have been designated HS12. Within a 135-bp core homology region, the human HS12 enhancers are ~90% identical to the murine homolog and include several motifs previously demonstrated to be important for function of the murine enhancer; additional segments of high sequence conservation suggest the possibility of previously unrecognized functional motifs. On the other hand, certain functional elements in the murine enhancer, including a B cell–specific activator protein site, do not appear to be conserved in human HS12. The human homologs of the murine enhancers designated HS3 and HS4 show lower overall sequence conservation, but for at least two of the functional motifs in the murine HS4 (a κB site and an octamer motif) the human HS4 homologs are exactly conserved. An additional hypersensitivity site between human HS3 and HS12 in each human locus displays no enhancer activity on its own, but includes a region of high sequence conservation with mouse, suggesting the possibility of another novel functional element.