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排序方式: 共有248条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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High HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in men who have sex with men in Chennai, India 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Go VF Srikrishnan AK Sivaram S Murugavel GK Galai N Johnson SC Sripaipan T Solomon S Celentano DD 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2004,35(3):314-319
OBJECTIVE: To estimate HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence and behavioral risk characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chennai, India. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based random sample survey was conducted in 2001. Randomly selected residents of 30 slums in Chennai were interviewed for behavioral risk factors through face-to-face interviews. Sera and urine were examined for syphilis, HIV-1, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between MSM status and HIV infection and to identify risk characteristics of MSM. RESULTS: Of 774 men, 46 reported (5.9%) sex with other men. MSM were more likely to be seropositive for HIV (odds ratio [OR] = 8.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83, 40.23) and were more likely to have a history of STD (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.02) than non-MSM. Men who used illicit drugs in past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.01; 95% CI: 1.92, 8.41), ever exchanged money for sex (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI: 1.97, 7.84), or were ever tested for HIV (AOR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.34, 10.34) were significantly more likely to report sex with men. CONCLUSIONS: MSM in Chennai slums are at high risk for HIV. HIV prevention strategies aimed at changing unsafe drug and sexual practices should target the general population of men, with specific attention to areas with high rates of MSM. 相似文献
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Esaki Muthu Shankar Ramachandran Vignesh Kailapuri G Murugavel Pachamuthu Balakrishnan Ramalingam Sekar Charmaine AC Lloyd Suniti Solomon Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy 《AIDS research and therapy》2007,4(1):1-7
Background
CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count testing is the standard method for determining eligibility for antiretroviral therapy (ART), but is not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa. Total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) have not proven sufficiently accurate in identifying subjects with low CD4 counts. We developed clinical algorithms using TLCs, hemoglobin (Hb), and body mass index (BMI) to identify patients who require ART. 相似文献7.
Identification of a new locus for autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing impairment (DFNA7) in a large Norwegian family 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fagerheim T; Nilssen O; Raeymaekers P; Brox V; Moum T; Elverland HH; Teig E; Omland HH; Fostad GK; Tranebjaerg L 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(8):1187-1191
Hereditary hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1000 newborns. In most
cases hearing loss is non-syndromic with no other clinical features, while
in other families deafness is associated with specific clinical
abnormalities. Analysis of large families with non-syndromic and syndromic
deafness have been used to identify genes or gene locations that cause
hearing impairment. The present report describes a large Norwegian family
with autosomal dominant non-syndromic, progressive high tone hearing loss
with linkage to 1q21-q23. A maximum LOD score of 7.65 (theta = 0.00) was
obtained with the microsatellite marker D1S196. Analysis of recombinant
individuals maps the deafness gene (DFNA7) to a 22 cM region between D1S104
and D1S466. The region contains several attractive candidate genes. This
report supports the idea of extensive genetic heterogeneity in hereditary
hearing impairment and represents the first localization of a deafness gene
in a Norwegian family.
相似文献
8.
Russell EJ; Geremia GK; Johnson CE; Huckman MS; Ramsey RG; Washburn-Bleck J; Turner DA; Norusis M 《Radiology》1987,165(3):609-617
Sixteen patients with suspected cerebral metastases were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and after the intravenous administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid. The images were interpreted blindly by two neuroradiologists; all clinical, radiologic (computed tomographic and MR imaging), and pathologic data were reviewed to arrive at a final "best diagnosis," which was then compared with the prior blinded interpretations. Of seven patients found to have multiple metastases, six (86%) had at least one tumor nodule depicted by postinfusion MR imaging that was missed by one or both observers on review of preinfusion images alone. Lesions missed on preinfusion studies were usually small nodules hidden by or not detected next to regions of high-signal edema thought to be related to the adjacent tumor nodule. The authors believe that contrast enhancement improves detection of metastatic foci with MR imaging and that the findings indicate broader implications for the detection of multiple lesions from other causes. 相似文献
9.
RAJVIR BHALWAR HS SANDHU RC AHUJA GK SINGH RP MISRA 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》1994,50(3):175-180
A population based hybrid design combining element of cohort and cross-sectional approach was used to develop a simple clinical algorithm to predict individual probability of developing hypertension (systolic BP > 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg). 3615 soldiers initially normotensive at the time of induction into high altitude, were studied by systematic random sampling. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a high significant association between hypertension and age, body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Using the constant/coefficient values obtained from the logistic model and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, the following predictive rule was developed – To the age in years, add (BMIx 3.86); also add 5.53 if he is a smoker; and add 19.81 if he consumes alcohol. If the total exceeds 142, the individual is at high risk of developing hypertension. This algorithm carries a sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 78.5%.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, High altitude 相似文献
10.
Transmission of "a" determinant variants of hepatitis B virus in immunized babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Velu V Saravanan S Nandakumar S Dhevahi E Shankar EM Murugavel KG Kumarasamy T Thyagarajan SP 《Japanese journal of infectious diseases》2008,61(1):73-76
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen mutations may lead to immune escape and eventually cause failure of immunization. In this report, we identified immune escape variants in immunized babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers. A total of 68 babies were followed up for 2 years after the full course of vaccination; 2.9% (2/68) of babies were found to be infected with the variant HBV in spite of preexisting antibody to surface antigen (anti-HBs) at 24 months post immunization. Both infants were positive for HBV-DNA; sequencing results of the "a" determinant region of the surface gene revealed that both babies had point mutations at a different nucleotide position resulting in various amino acid substitutions. In addition, an intriguing variant having an addition-deletion mutation was observed in one of the babies. This is the first report to show the addition-deletion variant of HBV in India. However, the immunological significance of the above HBV variants needs to be further elucidated. 相似文献