移动式数字X线机应用前景展望

移动式X线机实现了影像信息的数字化采集、存储、调阅、检查报告的生成、审核、查询和输出等功能,从满足突发公共卫生事件的应急需要和卫生防疫的需要来展望,其市场应用前景看好.     

Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位

目的　应用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位 ,从而降低术后髋关节脱位、僵硬和股骨头坏死发生率。方法　自 1989年 8月 - 1999年 8月 ,用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童 (7～ 14岁 )先天性髋脱位 4 6例 (5 8髋 ) ,随访 2～ 9年 ,平均 5年 3个月。辅助手段包括 :①髂腰肌及内收肌切断 ,股骨髁上骨牵引 ;②股骨粗隆下旋转加短缩截骨 ;③单髋人字石膏制动 ;④髋关节早活动 ,晚负重 ;⑤术后被动活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼。结果　髋关节完全复位率10 0 % ,髋关节屈曲小于 90°者 4髋 ,占 6 9% ,按Salter提出的股骨头坏死诊断标准 4 6例 (5 8髋 )中 ,股骨头坏死 6髋 ,占 10 3% ,明显降低了大龄儿童先天性髋脱位术后髋关节僵硬、股骨头坏死率。结论　Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位疗效确切 ,优良率高。     

Activation of the Notch signaling pathway disturbs the CD4+/CD8+, Th17/Treg balance in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis

Objective and design

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the disturbed balance of CD4⁺/CD8⁺, Th17/Treg and the activation of the Notch signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

Methods

An EAU rat model was induced in Lewis rats, and pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. CD4⁺, CD8⁺, Th17, and Treg levels in spleen, lymph nodes and eye tissues were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the inhibitory effect of N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl))-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) on Th17 differentiation by Notch signaling in vitro was further investigated using T lymphocytes from EAU rats on day 12 post-immunization by flow cytometry.

Results

The pathological results showed that inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in ocular tissues in EAU rats. The CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg ratios in EAU rats were apparently higher than those in normal control individuals. Q-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 in EAU rats gradually increased on day 6 after immunization, peaked on day 12, and then gradually decreased. The dynamic trends in Notch1 and DLL4 expression in EAU rats were identical to those of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg levels. DAPT can significantly inhibit the activation of Notch signaling, decrease Th17 cell differentiation, and attenuate the level of the Th17 cell lineage, contributing to the balance of the Th17/Treg ratio.

Conclusion

The activation of the Notch signaling pathway can regulate Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, disrupt the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg balance, and aggravate the severity of EAU; inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway contributes to the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg balance in EAU rats. Our findings highlighted that the dynamic change in the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg ratio was consistent with the expression trend of Notch signaling in EAU rats, suggesting that Notch signaling may be a potentially important therapeutic target in clinical practice.

     

重庆三甲医院医务人员健康教育专业知识掌握及运用情况调查

目的:了解在渝三级甲等医院医务人对健康教育专业知识的掌握及其在具体工作中的实际应用情况,探索影响健康教育开展的因素。方法:采用先整群后随机的多级抽样方法,用自编问卷对337名医务人员进行调查分析。结果:337名医务人员对健康教育专业知识平均知晓率为76.1%;医务人员中62.6%的人认为健康教育有很大作用,89.6%的人愿意接受专门培训,45.4%的人表示在医护工作中经常进行病患健康教育,49.6%的人经常干预病人不良行为。结论:不同学历、职业、职称的医务人员对大部分健康教育专业知识的知晓率无显著差异;他们对健康教育态度较积极,但实际运用不够,仍有必要经常对医务人员进行健康教育专业知识培训。     

Initial fixation of a finite element model of an AI-Hip cementless stem evaluated by micromotion and stress

Background  

This study investigated issues related to initial stability after stem fixation. Finite element models of the AI-Hip cementless stem were constructed for computer simulation.     

Assessment of inflamed synovial membrane in the knee joint by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MRI) was used to examine the synovial membrane in the knee joints of 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to investigate the relationship between pathological and MRI findings. Signal intensities in the regions of interest (ROI), identified as the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar pouch, were measured on MR images. Signal intensities at various times after the injection of contrast medium Gd–diethylenetriaminopentoacetic acid (Gd–DTPA) were normalized relative to the signal intensity at 80s, and designated as the normalized signal intensity (NSI). Pathological findings were quantified, and the types of inflamed synovial membrane were classified as either acute or chronic. A significant difference in NSI was observed between acute and chronic types (P 0.05). Dynamic MRI was capable of classifying acute and chronic RA by measuring NSI 20s after contrast medium injection. Dynamic MRI was therefore shown to be useful for assessing regional synovial inflammation.     

江苏省医用X射线工作者1950—2011年间恶性肿瘤发生风险研究

目的 研究江苏省医用X射线工作者的职业性照射因素与恶性肿瘤发病风险之间的关系。方法 采用回顾性和前瞻性队列相结合的研究方法,选取省内1950—1980年间在医院放射科工作的医用X射线工作者为放射组;同一医院同时期未从事过放射工作的内科、五官科、儿科等医务人员为对照组形成调查队列。计算该随访队列1950—2011年累计观察人年数,并采用Poisson回归模型,计算调整性别、年龄等因素后医用X射线工作者的各种恶性肿瘤的相对危险。结果 本次队列共完成随访7 703人,其中放射组3 961人,对照组3 742人,总体观察人年数为315 309人年,失访率为6.92%(533/7 703)。1950—2011年期间肿瘤患者共计819人(恶性肿瘤771人),放射组恶性肿瘤发病风险明显高于对照组,实体癌和全部恶性肿瘤的相对危险度RR分别为1.31(95%CI:1.11~1.55)和1.33(95%CI:1.13~1.57)。其中放射组罹患肺癌的相对危险度明显提高(RR=1.45,95%CI:1.00~2.09)。结论 江苏省医用X射线工作者罹患肺癌、实体癌以及全癌的相对危险度明显提高,可能与其长期接受慢性小剂量职业照射有关。     

Diverse p53 gene aberration in hepatocellular carcinoma detected by dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In order to evaluate loss of the p53 gene more precisely, we performed dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (dual-color FISH) for chromosome 17 and p53 gene together with DNA polymorphism analysis of the p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Dual-color FISH using probes specific for the centromere of chromosome 17 and the p53 gene was performed for 41 HCC and DNA polymorphism analysis was also performed for them. RESULTS: Of the 34 HCC tested by dual-color FISH, 20 had loss of at least one p53 gene (58.8%). In contrast, of the 32 HCC tested by DNA polymorphism analysis, 23 gave informative results, among which only eight had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene (34.8%). Notably, among 14 cases positive for loss of the p53 gene by dual-color FISH, seven cases were negative for LOH of the p53 gene. Moreover, dual-color FISH revealed that the percentage of cells that lost at least one p53 gene increased as the HCC became less differentiated (P < 0.01), whereas LOH did not reveal any such correlation. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that loss of the p53 gene was present in a considerable number of HCC, and diversity of the p53 gene aberration increases with progression of HCC. Dual-color FISH is an effective method for detection of p53 gene aberration, and it can provide new insight into oncogenesis in HCC.