Direct insertion of an ultra‐slim upper endoscope for cholangioscopy in patients undergoing choledochoduodenostomy

Direct peroral cholangioscopy (POC) using an ultra‐slim upper endoscope is one modality of POC for intraductal endoscopic evaluation and treatment of the bile duct. Choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) is one modality of biliary bypass surgery that provides a new route to the bile duct. We carried out direct POC using an ultra‐slim upper endoscope without the use of accessories in 10 patients (four sump syndromes, three bile duct strictures and three intrahepatic duct stones) previously undergoing surgical CDS. Direct POC was successful in all patients. The use of an intraductal balloon catheter was required in one patient for advancement of the endoscope into the bile duct. Distal bile ducts with sump syndromes were cleared using baskets and water irrigation under direct POC. Cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed in one patient with hilar bile duct stricture after cholangioscopic evaluation and a targeting forceps biopsy under direct POC. Intrahepatic duct stones were successfully extracted after intraductal fragmentation under direct POC. Oozing bleeding occurred during intraductal lithotripsy but stopped spontaneously. Direct POC using an ultra‐slim upper endoscope without the assistance of accessories can easily be carried out in patients undergoing CDS.     

Epidemiologic Characteristics of Work-related Eye Injuries and Risk Factors Associated with Severe Eye Injuries: A Registry-based Multicentre Study

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Work-related eye injuries have been reported with a variety of epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. We aimed to identify epidemiologic characteristics of work-related eye injuries and risk factors associated with severe injury in a large metropolitan city.     

晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的病原学与危险因素分析

目的研究晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的病原学特点,分析其危险因素,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率。方法选择2012年1月-2015年12月收治的532例晚期肺癌化疗患者为研究对象,采集患者痰液或呼吸道分泌物标本进行细菌培养,应用SAS 9.3软件进行统计分析,并分析晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结果 125例晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染,感染率为23.50%,其主要感染部位为呼吸道、胃肠道、口腔黏膜,分别占52.00%、15.20%、14.40%;共分离病原菌104株,其中革兰阴性菌51株占49.04%、革兰阳性菌30株占28.85%、真菌23株占22.11%;logistics回归显示,住院时间长、接受侵入性操作、使用抗菌药物是晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率较高,主要病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,通过缩短患者住院时间、减少侵入性操作、合理使用抗菌药物等措施,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的发生。     

PCNA、Survivin蛋白在人绒癌细胞株BeWo合体化过程中表达变化的研究

目的:通过检测人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化过程中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、生存素(Survivin)蛋白表达的变化,探讨滋养细胞合体化后增殖性的变化,为恶性滋养细胞肿瘤,尤其是耐药恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的临床治疗提供新的思路和方法。方法:利用毛喉素(forskolin)诱导Be Wo细胞株融合;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测促融素(Syncytin)在forskolin作用不同时间的Be Wo细胞株中的表达;应用蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)检测PCNA、Survivin蛋白在forskolin作用不同时间的Be Wo细胞株中的表达;应用噻唑蓝比色分析实验(MTT)法检测forskolin作用不同时间的绒癌细胞株Be Wo的增殖能力。结果:1forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株Syncytin基因的表达增强,且随着forskolin作用时间的延长,Syncytin的表达更强,于48 h达到高峰。2forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株PCNA、Survivin蛋白的表达降低。3forskolin作用后的Be Wo细胞株的增殖能力下降,且不同作用时间的差异有统计学意义;forskolin作用的时间越长,Be Wo细胞株增殖能力下降越明显。结论:人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化后PCNA、Survivin蛋白的表达降低,说明人绒癌细胞株Be Wo合体化后增殖性降低,推测诱导滋养细胞合体化可能对临床治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤具有一定作用。     

Clinical clues for differential diagnosis between verruca plana and verruca plana‐like seborrheic keratosis

Sometimes the clinical differentiation between verruca plana (VP) and VP‐like seborrheic keratosis (SK) could be challenged. However, there have been no studies on this issue to date. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and dermoscopic differences between these two diseases, and also to suggest a diagnostic algorithm of VP and VP‐like SK without skin biopsy. The patients who had lesions clinically considered as VP or VP‐like SK were the target of our study. We took clinical and dermoscopic photos with informed consent and conducted a questionnaire. All patients had their diagnoses confirmed by biopsy. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in our study. Seventeen patients were finally diagnosed with VP (51.5%) and 16 patients with VP‐like SK (48.5%). In clinical findings, VP‐like SK showed significantly more scattered distribution than VP (P = 0.039), which exhibited more clustered or grouped distribution (P = 0.039). In dermoscopic findings, brain‐like appearance was more commonly observed in VP‐like SK (P = 0.003) whereas VP showed more red dots or globular vessels (P = 0.017) and even‐colored light brown to yellow patch (P < 0.001). Sex, onset age, the size of each lesion, location, color and shape showed no significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Based on our results, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm using Koebner's phenomenon, dermoscopic findings, distribution of each lesion and biopsy for multiple VP‐like lesions in adults, and we think it will be a very useful diagnostic tool in daily clinical dermatological practice.     

Sodium butyrate prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment by restoring pCREB/BDNF expression

Sodium butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that affects various types of brain damages. To investigate the effects of sodium butyrate on hippocampal dysfunction that occurs after whole-brain irradiation in animal models and the effect of sodium butyrate on radiation exposure-induced cognitive impairments,adult C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally treated with 0.6 g/kg sodium butyrate before exposure to 10 Gy cranial irradiation. Cognitive impairment in adult C57BL/6 mice was evaluated via an object recognition test 30 days after irradiation. We also detected the expression levels of neurogenic cell markers(doublecortin)and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Radiation-exposed mice had decreased cognitive function and hippocampal doublecortin and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Sodium butyrate pretreatment reversed these changes. These findings suggest that sodium butyrate can improve radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction through inhibiting the decrease in hippocampal phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. The study procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Korea Institute of Radiological Medical Sciences(approval No. KIRAMS16-0002) on December 30, 2016.     

六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床研究

目的探讨六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床效果。方法选取2017年5月—2018年10月东营市东营区人民医院收治的64例高脂血症患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各32例。对照组口服脂必泰胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服六味能消胶囊,1粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗8周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后血脂指标、血流变学指标、血小板参数及血清学指标的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是75.0%、96.9%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组总胆固醇(TC)、非-HDL-C、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均较治疗前显著降低,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组TC、非-HDL-C、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组,而HDL-C高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞比容(HCT)、聚集指数(RCAI)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板最大聚集率(MAR)均显著降低,而变形指数(RDI)值均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,PV、HCT、RCAI、MPV、MAR值均显著低于对照组,而RDI值高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、内皮素(ET)水平较治疗前均显著降低,而一氧化氮(NO)水平显著增高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组CRP、ET水平低于对照组,而NO水平高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症具有较好的临床疗效,综合调脂作用显著,可明显纠正患者体内血流变学异常,改善血小板功能及微炎症状态,保护血管内皮功能,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。