全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5620篇 |
免费 | 217篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 76篇 |
儿科学 | 161篇 |
妇产科学 | 35篇 |
基础医学 | 783篇 |
口腔科学 | 227篇 |
临床医学 | 335篇 |
内科学 | 1327篇 |
皮肤病学 | 144篇 |
神经病学 | 386篇 |
特种医学 | 231篇 |
外科学 | 777篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
预防医学 | 214篇 |
眼科学 | 134篇 |
药学 | 447篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 538篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 34篇 |
2022年 | 60篇 |
2021年 | 114篇 |
2020年 | 66篇 |
2019年 | 105篇 |
2018年 | 95篇 |
2017年 | 103篇 |
2016年 | 96篇 |
2015年 | 114篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 161篇 |
2012年 | 325篇 |
2011年 | 327篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 163篇 |
2008年 | 332篇 |
2007年 | 349篇 |
2006年 | 359篇 |
2005年 | 351篇 |
2004年 | 362篇 |
2003年 | 299篇 |
2002年 | 342篇 |
2001年 | 101篇 |
2000年 | 99篇 |
1999年 | 108篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 55篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 67篇 |
1991年 | 51篇 |
1990年 | 65篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 67篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 48篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1966年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有5863条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
Toshihiro Yoshitake Akira Takeda Kensaku Ohki Yuko Inoue Takanori Yamawaki Saori Otsuka Minekatsu Akimoto Mitsuru Nemoto Yasuhito Shimakura Akio Sato 《The Journal of dermatology》2015,42(7):735-738
Finasteride is standard medical treatment for androgenetic alopecia; however, no large studies with 5 years or more of follow up have been performed in Japan. The authors followed Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia treated with finasteride for 5 years to evaluate long‐term treatment efficacy. Of 903 men treated with finasteride (1 mg/day), 801 patients were evaluated over 5 years by modified global photographic assessment. Although the proportion of improvement was high (99.4%), modified global photographic assessment scores after 5 years of treatment were lower in patients with more advanced disease as measured by the modified Norwood–Hamilton scale. After separating patients into “sufficient” and “insufficient” efficacy groups according to the modified global photographic assessment score after 5 years (scores ≥6 and <6, respectively), multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors of insufficient efficacy were age at start of treatment of 40 years or more (P = 0.021) and classification on the modified Norwood–Hamilton scale (P < 0.001), whereas presence of stress at start of treatment was a negative predictor (P = 0.025). In conclusion, continuous finasteride treatment for 5 years improved androgenetic alopecia with sustained effect among Japanese. Younger age and less advanced disease at start of treatment were the key predictors of higher finasteride efficacy. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kei Kamide Yoshihiro Kokubo Hironori Hanada Junko Nagura Jin Yang Shin Takiuchi Chihiro Tanaka Mariko Banno Yoshikazu Miwa Masayoshi Yoshii Tetsutaro Matayoshi Hisayo Yasuda Takeshi Horio Akira Okayama Hitonobu Tomoike Yuhei Kawano Toshiyuki Miyata 《Hypertension research》2006,29(4):243-252
Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, HSD11B2, cause a rare monogenic juvenile hypertensive syndrome called apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Here, we have studied whether genetic variations in HDS11B2 are implicated in essential hypertension in Japanese hypertensives and the general population. By sequencing the entire coding region and the promoter region of HDS11B2 in 953 Japanese hypertensives, we identified five missense mutations in 11 patients (L14F, n = 5; R74H, n = 1; R147H, n = 3; T156I, n = 1; R335H, n = 1) and one novel frameshift mutation (4884Gdel, n = 1) in a heterozygous state, in addition to 19 genetic variations. All genetic variations identified were rare, with minor allele frequencies less than 0.005. Four of 12 patients with the missense/frameshift mutations showed renal failure. Four missense mutations, L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H, were successfully genotyped in the general population, with a sample size of 3,655 individuals (2,175 normotensives and 1,480 hypertensives). Mutations L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H were identified in hypertensives (n = 6, 8, 3, and 0, respectively) and normotensives (n = 8, 12, 5, and 0, respectively) with a similar frequency, suggesting that these missense mutations may not strongly affect the etiology of essential hypertension. Since the allele frequency of all of the genetic variations identified in this study was rare, an association study was not conducted. Taken together, our results indicate that missense mutations in HSD11B2 do not substantially contribute to essential hypertension in Japanese. 相似文献
6.
Mitsuru Takahashi Hidenobu Takahashi Tetsushi Itoh Masaharu Nomura Akihiko Ogata Sachio Maehara Harubumi Kato 《Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2006,12(1):50-52
Postoperative empyema and aspergillosis were diagnosed in a 66-year-old man. Since non-operative therapy was not effective, we performed surgery. On the 8th postoperative day, a covered Ultraflex expandable stent (Boston Scientific, Galway, Ireland) was implanted to make a one-way airway for blocking a major air leak from a bronchopleural fistula causing respiratory distress. His general condition improved gradually, and he was discharged 30 days after stenting. In conclusion, we used a covered Ultraflex expandable stent to make an airway to block an air leak. This may be a new application for this stent. 相似文献
7.
Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Tada H. Senpuku Y. Motozawa A. Yoshihara N. Hanada H. Tanzawa 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2006,12(8):776-781
Opportunistic infections in the oral cavity of the elderly may increase the incidence of systemic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the oral bacterial flora between dependent elderly (inpatients) and independent elderly (community-dwelling residents). After multiple variables were taken into account, inpatients had significantly lower detection rates than community-dwelling residents for alpha-streptococci (p < 0.001) and Neisseria (p 0.004), and higher detection rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p 0.024), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (p 0.011) and Actinomyces spp. (p 0.005). Among inpatients, the requirement for a high degree of care was related negatively to detection of alpha-streptococci, but was related significantly to detection of P. aeruginosa (p 0.018) or MRSA (p 0.004). Tube-fed inpatients had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.041) and a higher detection rate for P. aeruginosa (p 0.004) than those who did not require tube feeding. Inpatients with a history of antibiotic use had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.049) and a higher detection rate for MRSA (p 0.007) than those without a history of antibiotic use. The detection rates for P. aeruginosa or MRSA in inpatients without alpha-streptococci were higher than in inpatients with alpha-streptococci after controlling for age and gender (P. aeruginosa, p 0.006; MRSA, p 0.001). Overall, detection of alpha-streptococci had an inverse correlation with the detection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA in the oral cavity and is likely to be an indicator of pathogenic bacterial infection. 相似文献
8.
Nishida Koyo Mihara Kiyoshi Takino Toichi Nakane Sachi Takakura Yoshinobu Hashida Mitsuru Sezaki Hitoshi 《Pharmaceutical research》1991,8(4):437-444
The effect of electric charge on the hepatic disposition of macromolecules was studied in the rat. Charged derivatives of dextran (T-70) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), mitomycin C–dextran conjugates (MMC-D), and lactosaminated BSA (Lac-BSA) were employed as model macromolecules. After intravenous injection, cationic macromolecules were rapidly eliminated from plasma because of their extensive hepatic uptake, while anionic and neutral macromolecules were slowly eliminated. Cationic macromolecules were recovered from parenchymal and nonparenchymal hepatic cells at a cellular uptake (per unit cell number) ratio of 1.4–3.2, while that of Lac-BSA was 14. During liver perfusion using a single-pass constant infusion mode, cationic macromolecules were continuously extracted by the liver, with extraction ratios at steady-state (E
ss) ranging between 0.03 and 0.54, whereas anionic and neutral macromolecules were almost completely recovered in the outflow at steady state. The E
ss for cationized BSA (Cat-BSA) and cationic MMC-Dcat were concentration dependent and decreased at low temperatures and in the presence of colchicine and cytochalasin B. The possible participation of the internalization process in the uptake of cationic macromolecules by hepatocytes was suggested. 相似文献
9.
Ferry Verbaan Inger van Dam Yoshinubu Takakura Mitsuru Hashida Wim Hennink Gert Storm Christien Oussoren 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2003,20(4-5):419-427
The objective of this study was to assess the in vivo fate of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA)-based polyplexes after intravenous administration into mice. Circulation kinetics and tissue distribution in terms of plasmid localization and transfection efficiency were assessed. To gain more insight into the observed biodistribution and gene expression profile, the interaction of pDMAEMA-based polyplexes with blood components (erythrocytes and albumin) was investigated in vitro. In the case of i.v. injection of positively charged polyplexes at a dose of 30 microg DNA most of the radioactivity was found in the lungs and the liver 60 min after injection. In the case of pDMAEMA/DNA polyplexes with a negative charge, uptake occurred mainly by the liver. Administration of positively charged complexes at a 30 microg DNA dose resulted in reporter gene expression primarily in the lungs. Injection of negatively charged complexes and naked plasmid did not result in luciferase expression in any of the organs examined. In vitro turbidity experiments showed the induction of a charge dependent aggregation process upon addition of albumin to the polyplexes pointing out to the involvement of aggregate formation in the dominant lung uptake of the positively charged polyplexes. Also, incubations of polyplexes after pre-incubation with a physiological concentration of albumin with washed erythrocytes confirmed that polyplexes induce the formation of extremely large structures. This paper underlines the need for the design of systems with reduced interaction with blood components to promote the delivery of DNA to target tissues outside the lungs. 相似文献
10.
Madoka Minoguchi Nobuyuki Yanagawa Chisato Ishikawa Junpei Sasajima Mitsuru Goto Miho Okamoto Yoshinori Saito Masanori Murakami Yutaka Orii Toru Yaosaka 《Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi》2007,104(7):1082-1087
Pancreatic metastasis of malignant melanoma is rarely diagnosed while the patient is alive. We report a case of metastatic melanoma of the pancreas in a 35-year-old woman presenting with a solid mass of the pancreas. Her past medical history included a radical hysterectomy 2 years previously for malignant melanoma of the vagina. Twelve months later, lung metastasis was also resected. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) identified that the pancreatic tumor was histologically and immunohistochemically identical to the surgical specimen of her lung neoplasm. Imaging studies including US, CT, and MRI have limited value to distinguish the tumors from primary ductal adenocarcinoma. EUS-FNA can provide tissue diagnosis from pancreatic masses, specifically when other modalities have failed. 相似文献