Occurrence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Primary CD30(Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is considered by some to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the t(2;5) (p23;q35). However, the specificity of t(2;5) for ALCL has not been carefully studied. Therefore, we performed a detailed analysis of all cases of ALCL with abnormal cytogenetics results in the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group registry, as well as all other cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with t(2;5) in the registry. We found the t(2;5) in only five of 10 cases of ALCL, four of whom were young patients. However, we also found the t(2;5) in 11 other cases of nonanaplastic lymphoma, including eight children with typical peripheral T-cell lymphomas of various types. The t(2;5) was also found in three older adults with B-cell lymphomas of various types. Thus, the t(2;5) was not specific for CD30+ ALCL. However, t(2;5) may define a clinicopathologic entity in children and young adults characterized by variable morphologies with a T-cell or indeterminate phenotype, CD30-positivity, nodal disease with frequent extranodal involvement, advanced stage, and an excellent response to therapy, including bone marrow transplantation for relapsed disease. The clinical relevance of the t(2;5) in older patients requires further study.     

Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic brain lesions: evaluation with 0.35-T fast MR imaging

Two fast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, advanced Fourier and partial-flip imaging, were used at 0.35 T to examine 21 patients with suspected intracranial lesions; the results were quantitatively compared with a conventional spin-echo study. Both of the fast MR techniques yielded a fourfold reduction in imaging time per section. The advanced Fourier sequence showed contrast that was identical to the conventional spin-echo study with signal-to-noise ratios of 58% and 57% for the first and second echoes, respectively. The partial-flip sequence showed a contrast of 109% and 57% for lesions versus substantia alba, and 107% and 78% for substantia grisea versus substantia alba relative to the first and second echoes of the conventional spin-echo study. The partial-flip sequence was particularly sensitive to magnetic susceptibility; this produced artifacts that may undermine the usefulness of partial flip for routine screening in certain parts of the brain. However, this susceptibility significantly improved the detection of intracranial hemorrhage when compared with the spin-echo sequence, particularly when combined with phase mapping of the partial-flip study.     

Genetic linkage of the tricho-dento-osseous syndrome to chromosome 17q21

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO), MIM# 190320, is transmitted as a highly penetrant autosomal dominant trait that is characterized by variable clinical expression. The principal clinical features include kinky/curly hair in infancy, enamel hypoplasia, taurodontism, as well as increased thickness and density of cranial bones. Possible genetic linkage has been reported for TDO with the ABO blood group locus, but the gene defect remains unknown. We have identified four multiplex families (n = 63, 39 affected, 24 unaffected) from North Carolina segregating TDO. We previously have excluded a major locus for TDO in the ABO region for these families. Utilizing a genome-wide search strategy, we obtained conclusive evidence for linkage of the TDO syndrome locus to markers on chromosome 17q21 (D17S791, Z max = 10.54, Theta = 0.00) with no indication of genetic heterogeneity. Multipoint analysis suggests the TDO locus is located in a 7 cM chromosomal segment flanked by D17S932 and D17S941. This finding represents the first step towards isolation and cloning of the TDO gene. Identification of this gene has important implications for understanding normal and abnormal craniofacial development of hair, teeth and bone.      

Missense mutation in a von Willebrand factor type A domain of the alpha 3(VI) collagen gene (COL6A3) in a family with Bethlem myopathy

The Bethlem myopathy is a rare autosomal dominant proximal myopathy characterized by early childhood onset and joint contractures. Evidence for linkage and genetic heterogeneity has been established, with the majority of families linked to 21q22.3 and one large family linked to 2q37, implicating the three type VI collagen subunit genes, COL6A1 (chromosome 21), COL6A2 (chromosome 21) and COL6A3 (chromosome 2) as candidate genes. Mutations of the invariant glycine residues in the triple-helical domain-coding region of COL6A1 and COL6A2 have been reported previously in the chromosome 21-linked families. We report here the identification of a G-->A mutation in the N-terminal globular domain-coding region of COL6A3 in a large American pedigree (19 affected, 12 unaffected), leading to the substitution of glycine by glutamic acid in the N2 motif, which is homologous to the type A domains of the von Willebrand factor. This mutation segregated to all affected family members, to no unaffected family members, and was not identified in 338 unrelated Caucasian control chromosomes. Thus mutations in either the triple-helical domain or the globular domain of type VI collagen appear to cause Bethlem myopathy.      

The nonessential UL49.5 gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus encodes an O-glycosylated protein which forms a complex with the non-glycosylated UL10 gene product

The UL10 and UL49.5 genes of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) encode putative envelope proteins which are conserved in Alpha, Beta, and Gammaherpesvirinae. Many of the corresponding gene products have been shown to be glycosylated and to form heterodimeric protein complexes with each other. Unlike the homologous gM proteins of other herpesviruses, the UL10 protein of ILTV is not detectably glycosylated [Fuchs, W., Mettenleiter, T.C., 1999. DNA sequence of the UL6 to UL20 genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus and characterization of the UL10 gene product as a nonglycosylated and nonessential virion protein. J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2173-2182]. Using a monospecific antiserum, we now identified the UL49.5 gene product of ILTV as an O-glycosylated membrane protein (gN). Correct processing of gN was shown to depend on the presence of the UL10 protein. Both gN and UL10 could be co-immunoprecipitated from ILTV-infected cell lysates with antisera against either of the proteins, indicating stable protein-protein interactions. For functional analysis parts of the UL10 and UL49.5 open reading frames were deleted from the ILTV genome, and replaced by a beta-galactosidase expression cassette. The resulting virus mutants were isolated and propagated in non-complementing chicken cells, which demonstrated that the UL10 and UL49.5 genes are not essential for in vitro replication of ILTV.     

Orexin neurons project to diverse sympathetic outflow systems

The viral transneuronal labeling method was used to demonstrate that orexin-containing neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are linked via multisynaptic connections to different sympathetic outflow systems. Two different types of transneuronal tracing experiments were performed: single- and double-virus studies. In the first series of experiments, Bartha pseudorabies virus (PRV), a retrograde transneuronal tracer, was injected into single sympathetic targets, viz., stellate ganglion, adrenal gland, celiac ganglion, and kidney. Six to 7 days post-injection, orexin (hypocretin) neurons were transneuronally labeled. In a second set of experiments, the double-virus tracing method was used to determine whether single orexin LHA neurons are linked to two different sympathetic outflow systems. Two isogenic forms of Bartha PRV were used that differed by a single gene. beta-Galactosidase Bartha PRV was injected into the stellate ganglion and green fluorescent protein Bartha PRV into the adrenal gland of the same rat. The reverse placement of viral injections was made in another set of rats. In both paradigms, some orexin LHA neurons were transneuronally labeled with both viruses, indicating that they are capable of modulating multiple sympathetic outflow systems. These findings raise the possibility that orexin LHA neurons regulate general sympathetic functions, such as those that occur during arousal or the fight-or-flight response.     

Beckman EL-ISE电解质分析仪准确性及故障的分析判断

0 引言为了克服离子选择电极（ISE）法的微量电位信号极易受环境温度变化及电子噪声的干扰问题,该仪器采用了参考电极,把参考电极与其测定电极装在同一测量室内,保持其相同的物理环境,使干扰源对所有电极的影响相同. 以内参液作为参考电极的测量对象,测得一个参考电极电位值,再测样品的电极电位值,二者相抵就消除了所叠加的干扰信号.     

Continuous infusion cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary site (CUPS) in Taiwan, a region with a high prevalence of endemic viral infections

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin/etoposide continuous infusion chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary site in Taiwan, a region with a high prevalence of endemic viral infections. METHOD: Between April 1994 and February 1996, 20 patients with a diagnosis of CUPS were treated, including 15 males and five females, of average age 63.3 years (range 41-83 years). Continuous intravenous infusion of etoposide 80 mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 was given for 3 days every 3 weeks. Pretreatment tumor marker and viral serology studies were performed for baseline evaluation. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had poorly differentiated carcinoma. The average number of metastatic sites was 2.65 (range 1-4), with liver and lymph node involvement predominating. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 25% (95% CI 17.7-32.3%); 30.7% for poorly differentiated cancers and 25% for well differentiated cancers. Median survival was 4 months (range 1-12 months), 4.8 months for patients attaining partial response. Toxicity was moderate, grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurred in 55% and grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in 40%; other toxicities were mild. CA125 and CA199 were elevated in more than 50% of patients. Viral serology studies were not significantly different from those of the indigenous population. CONCLUSION: Etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy has modest activity in patients with extensive CUPS and, at the schedule and dosage given, it is associated with moderate toxicity.